Receptors & Special Senses; Exam 5

Question 1

All of the following are an example of an interoceptor (exteroceptor) EXCEPT:

A) Racinian Corpuscle B) Merkel’s disc C) Baroreceptors D) Photoreceptors

Answer 1

Merke’s Disc

Question 2

All the following receptors show adaptation except:

A) Thermoreceptors B) Merkel’s Disc C) Baroreceptors D) Nociceptors

Answer 2

Nociceptors

Question 3

The receptive fields are densest at which of the following locations?

A) Anterior forearm B) Fingertip C) Posterior thorax D) Dorsum of Hand

Answer 3

Finger Tips

Question 4

Dipping your hand into a bucket of ice water (1deg C; 34deg F) will stimulate which of the following receptors?

A) Thermoreceptors B) Chemoreceptors C) Pacinian Corpuscles D) Nociceptors

Answer 4

Nociceptors

Question 5

The dilator pupillae muscle of the iris will contract in response to _____.

A) Bright Light B) Corneal Irritation C) Sympathetic Impulses D) Parasympathetic Impulses

Answer 5

parasympathetic impulses

Question 6

Light must pass through the entire thickness of the neural layer of the retina to excite the photoreceptors, which are embedded in the pigmented layer. True or false?

Answer 6

true

Question 7

Relaxation of the cillary muscles causes the lens to ____. A) Flatten and bend light more B) Flatten and bend light less C) buldge and bend light more D) bulge and bend light less

Answer 7

flatten and bend light less

Question 8

Nearsightedness is clinically referred to as ____ and is due to a _____ than normal eyeball. A) Myopia; shorter B) myopia; longer C) Hyperopia; shorter D) emmetropia; longer

Answer 8

myopia; longer

Question 9

The fovea centralis of the eye is where _____. A) more rods than cones are found B) the optic disc is located C) only cones occur D) the optic nerve leaves the eye

Answer 9

only cones occur

Question 10

Which of the following could not be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope? A) macula lutea B) optic chiasma C) fovea centralis D) optic disc

Answer 10

optic chiasma

Question 11

Nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye ____. A) go to the superior colliculus only B) pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma C) divide at the chiasma, with some fibers crossing and some not crossing D) cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma

Answer 11

cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma

Question 12

Night blindness caused by malnutrition can be improved with vitamin supplementation. Which fat-soluble vitamin is most important in the formation of rhodopsin? A) vitamin D B) Vitamin A) C) Vitamin E D) vitamin K

Answer 12

vitamin A

Question 13

The age-related loss of lens elasticity with impairs close vision is termed _____. A) myopia B) emmetropia C) hyperopia D) presbyopia

Answer 13

presbyopia

Question 14

The near point of vision ____. A) occurs at a distance of approximately 20 ft and above B) requires the suspensory ligaments to be pulled taut C) requires simultaneous accommodation, constriction and convergence D) shortens (gets closer to the eye) as we age due to decreased lens elasticity

Answer 14

requires simultaneous accommondation, constriction, and convergence

Question 15

Dark adaptation (necessary for vision in a dark environment) _____. A) is much faster than light adaptation B) involves decreased retinal sensitivy C) involves accumulation of rhodopsin D) involves improvement of acuity and color vision

Answer 15

involves accumulation of rhodopsin

Question 16

There are 3 layers or neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves? A) horizontal cells B) bipolar cells C) ganglion cells D) amacrine cells

Answer 16

ganglion cells

Question 17

Light passes through the following structures in which order? A) vireous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea B) cornea, aqueos humor, lens, vitreous humor C) cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, D) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor

Answer 17

cornea, aqueos humor, lens, vitreous humor

Question 18

Blockage of the canal of Schlemm (scleral-venous sinus) causes an increase in intraocular pressure known as glaucoma. Glaucoma is problematic due to potential damage to the retina and optic nerve. True or false?

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Which of the following is a true statement about photoreceptors? A) Cone activation does not involve opsins. B) Rods are sensitive to dim light and confer only gray tone vision. C) Three types of color-sensitive photoreceptors exist: red, green and yellow. D) In dim light, images are focused directly on the rods in the fovea centralis.

Answer 19

Rods are sensitive to dim light and confer only gray tone vision.

Question 20

The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the Eustachian tube (AKA auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube). True or false?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Conduction deafness may be a result of otosclerosis or impacted cerumen. True or false?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

The oval window touches the stapes and the ____. A) scala vestipuli B) external acoustic meatus
C) scala tympani D) Eustachian (auditory) tube

Answer 22

scala vestipuli

Question 23

Which of the following types of neurons are replaced continuously (every 7-10 days)? A) gustatory receptor cells B) olfactory epithelia C) auditory stereocilia D) retinal ganglion cells

Answer 23

gustatory receptor cells

Question 24

olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ______. A) air-borne chemicals B) pressure on olfactory & gustatory receptor cells C) chemical substances in solution D) bending of olfactory and gustatory hair cells

Answer 24

chemical substance in solution

Question 25

Which of the following taste sensations is incorrectly matching to the chemicals that produce it? A) sweet- organic substances such as sugar and amino acid phenylalanine B) sour- acids (H+ ions) C) salty- metal ions D) bitter- acetylcholine E) umami- glutamate

Answer 25

bitter- acetylcholine

Question 26

Taste buds are found at all of the following location except _____. A) lining of buccal cavity (cheeks) B) glottis C) on the soft palate D) in papillae

Answer 26

glottis

Question 27

Information from balance receptors goes directly to the ____. A) visual cortex B) brain stem and cerebellar reflex centers C) postural muscles D) motor cortex

Answer 27

brain stem and cerebellar reflex centers

Question 28

Which of the following is not a characteristic of olfactory receptors? A) They are encapsulated neurons. B) They are located in the epithelium of the superior nasal concha C) They are chemoreceptors. D) They are replaced every 30-60 days.

Answer 28

they are encapsulated neurons

Question 29

Mitral cells send olfactory impulses to all of the following except the ____. A) olfactory cortex B) insula C) amygdala D) uncus

Answer 29

insula

Question 30

Which correct location contains the cupula?

cochlea, semicircular canals, saccule, or utricle

Answer 30

semicircular canals

Question 31

Which correct location contains the tectorial membrane?

cochlea, semicircular canals, saccule, or utricle

Answer 31

cochlea

Question 32

Which correct location contains the crista ampullaris?

cochlea, semicircular canals, saccule, or utricle

Answer 32

semicircular canals

Question 33

Which correct location contains the Organ of Corti?

cochlea, semicircular canals, saccule, or utricle

Answer 33

cochlea

Question 34

Which correct location detects changes in dynamic (rotatory) equilibrium?

cochlea, semicircular canals, saccule, or utricle

Answer 34

semicircular canals

Question 35

Which correct location contains the macula which detects changes in vertical position & vertical linear acceleration?

cochlea, semicircular canals, saccule, or utricle

Answer 35

saccule

Question 36

Which correct location contains basilar membrane with stereocilia that deflects in response to perilymph waves frequencies?

cochlea, semicircular canals, saccule, or utricle

Answer 36

coclea

Question 37

Which correct location houses an otolithic membrane and is located in teh superior portion of the vestibule?

cochlea, semicircular canals, saccule, or utricle

Answer 37

utricle