Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOM2011 > Sensory module > Flashcards

Sensory module Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent

A

PNS
towards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Efferent

A

PNS
away

  • somatic
  • autonomic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

somatic

A

voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

autonomic

A

involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 neuron classes

A
  1. afferent neurons - provide environmental info to CNS (towards)
  2. interneurons
  3. efferent neurons - carry instructions from CNS to effector organs (away)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

patella tendon reflex

A
  • patella gets stretched when tapped
  • stretch detected in muscle spindles (afferent) sends input to CNS
  • information integrated by interneuron
  • sends info via efferent neurons to muscles which get extended and result is a knee kick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

affarent nervous system

A

somatic

general: touch
special: vision, hearing, balance

autonomic

general: nociception (pain)
special: taste, smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do we need sensory system

A
  • homeostasis
  • perception of the world
  • motor coordination
  • conscioussness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sensory receptors

A

have low thresholds to specific stimulus types

  • translate stimulus into electrical signal
    = sensory transduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanosensory ion channels

A

??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

receptor potential

A

determines the rate and pattern of action potential firing in a sensory neuron - which is what determines if that stimulus gets sent to the brain

a graded depolarisation of the membrane by the relevant stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

separate receptor cell

A

example: taste bud

the pores of the taste bud detect the chemicals on food or whatever, and send signals to the sensory neurons which sends an action potentialse to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

specialised afferent ending

A

olfactory epithelium
……

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tonic receptors

A

adapt slowly or never

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

phasic receptors

A

adapt rapidly

e.g. pacinis corpsucle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

univariance

A

regardless of the stimulus origin, receptors will always produce a given response type

17
Q

lateral inhibition

A

improves acuity when the receptor fields overlap

18
Q

sensory modality

A

type of sense

19
Q

receptor types

A

photoreceptors - light
chemoreceptors - chemicals
mechanoreceptors - touch
osmoreceptors - body fluids
nociceptors - pain
thermoreceptors - heat and cold

20
Q

sensory information

A

direction
location
intensity
timing

21
Q

perception

A

conscious interpretation of external world
- what we perceive not real world
e.g. illusions

22
Q

bottom-up

A

data-driven provided by photoreceptors

23
Q

top down

A

expectations supplied by the CNS are used to interpret and modify data

(or based on previous experience)
e.g, determining handwriting. one word by itself is hard but in a sentence you could see it become one

24
Q

cornea

A
  • transparent
  • mechanical protection (layered)
  • most refractive power
  • fixed focusing power
  • 5 layers
25
Q

lens

A
  • layered
  • fibres made of crystalline
  • transparency depends on organisation
  • adaptive focusing power
  • damage accumulates (e.g. cateracs)
  • focus light
    (via accomodation)
  • UV filter
26
Q

retina

A

receptor layer
- where we detect photons

very thin layer at the back of the eye

27
Q

rods vs cones

A

….

28
Q

fovea

A
29
Q

adaptation

A

pupil:
- vision constriction (pupillary)
- parasympathetic stimulation of circular muscle
- sympathetic stimulation of radial muscle

30
Q

phototransduction cascades

A

this is for rods (process same for cones)

visual pigments (opsins):

  1. light photon triggers isomerisation
    - all-trans retinal doesn’t fit binding site
    - opsin changes conformation
    - transducins are activated
    - PDE are activated
    (PDE catayses cGMP to GMP)
    - cGMP-gated cation channels close
    - hyperpolarisation closes v-gated Ca channel

all these steps lead to a large amplification of the signal

when this conversion happens, it closes the channels and causes the .. to hypoerpolarise

31
Q

2 different types of photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

they both have synaptic terminals and an inner segment with the nucleus and mitochondria etc
but specialised outer segments

32
Q

visual pigments

A

protein opsin + retinal

in rods its called:
rhodopsin = scotopsin + retinal

retinal gives opsins their colours

33
Q

photoreceptor hyperpolarisation

A

the base of the rod is depolarised

  1. cation channels continuously active
  2. inner segment leaks K+
  3. phototransduction hyperpolarise the rod
  4. the signal from 1 photon is above the noise

cones are less sensitive but are faster and dont saturate

34
Q

walds cycle

A

note* need to regenerate cis-retinol so it can go again

35
Q
A

BIOM2011 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions