Sensory Integration

Question 1

Who was the founder of the concept of sensory integration in the 60s-70s?

Answer 1

Jean Ayres

Question 2

List 5 principles for which sensory integration is based on.

Answer 2

1. Neural plasticity
2. Developmental sequence
3. Nervous system hierarchy
4. Adaptive behavior
5. Inner drive

Question 3

What 3 ideas does sensory integration postulate?

Answer 3

1. Learning is dependent on ability of individuals to perceive sensory information and use this info to guide behavior
2. Deficits in this ability will affect planning and producing behavior
3. Provision of opportunities for enhanced sensory intake within context of meaningful tasks will improve the deficits

Question 4

What are the 3 steps of sensory integration?

Answer 4

1. Receive the input through different senses
2. Brain registers the input
   (orientation/habituation)
3. Adaptive response to the input (pay attention/ flight/ ignore)

Question 5

What is modulation?

Answer 5

Regulates the neural message about sensory stimuli and organizes the degree, intensity, and nature of our responses

i.e. lack of modulation would lead to applying to much pressure on a pencil and breaking it

Question 6

What is discrimination?

Answer 6

Ability to discern subtle differences between sensations and give it a label

Question 7

Discrimination is necessary for ______ of skills.

Answer 7

Acquisition

Question 8

_____ movement is more stimulating to proprioceptive receptors.

Answer 8

ACTIVE

Question 9

List 3 symptoms associated with a poor proprioceptive system.

Answer 9

1. Poor body scheme (body awareness in space)
2. Impaired ability in sensory conflict
3. Poor equilibrium

Question 10

It is very unusual to have a ____ sensitive proprioceptive system.

Answer 10

HYPER

Question 11

List 3 symptoms an individual with a hyposensitive (low) proprioceptive system may present with.

Answer 11

1. Clumsy/uncoordinated
2. Tires easily but plays too roughly
3. Seeks heavy joint input

Question 12

List 5 interventions used to treat a hyposensitive proprioceptive system.

Answer 12

1. Heavy work
2. Donkey kicks
3. Wheel barrel walk
4. Joint compression
5. Vest (weighted)

Question 13

Vestibular sense detects our ____ movement relative to _____.

Answer 13

Head movement relative to gravity

Question 14

What 6 things does vestibular sense contribute to the awareness of?

Answer 14

1. Balance
2. Head control
3. Eye gaze
4. Coordination of the two sides of the body
5. Muscle tone
6. Posture

Question 15

_____ movements provide organizing vestibular sensations, while ____ movements provide disorganizing vestibular sensations.

Answer 15

Linear = organizing (straight up and down)

Rotational = disorganizing (spinning)

Question 16

List 5 behaviors that may indicate that a child has vestibular issues.

Answer 16

1. Rocking
2. Pacing
3. Jumping
4. Head banging
5. Spinning self

Question 17

List 2 interventions used to treat vestibular issues.

Answer 17

1. Linear vestibular input in rhythmical motion.

2. Rotary vestibular input

Question 18

List 3 symptoms associated with an UNDERSENSITIVE visual system.

Answer 18

1. Stares at objects
2. Watches spinning
3. Walks into people

Question 19

List 2 intervention to consider when treating kids with under sensitive visual systems.

Answer 19

Bright lighting (engine)
Bright color on wall

Question 20

List 4 symptoms associated with an HYPERSENSITIVE visual system.

Answer 20

1. Bothered by bright lights
2. Enjoys dimmer light
3. Avoids eye contact
4. Poor attention to task

Question 21

List 2 intervention to consider when treating kids with HYPER sensitive visual systems.

Answer 21

Natural lighting

Decrease visual distractions

Question 22

List 2 symptoms associated with an UNDERSENSITIVE auditory system.

Answer 22

1. Enjoys loud noises

2. Hums, sings to his/herself

Question 23

List 2 intervention to consider when treating kids with under sensitive auditory systems.

Answer 23

Loud noises

Use fast rhythmical music

Question 24

List 3 symptoms associated with an HYPERSENSITIVE auditory system.

Answer 24

1. Distracted by background noises
2. Covers ears when upset with loud noises (fire drill)
3. Excessive startle

Question 25

List 3 intervention to consider when treating kids with hypersensitive auditory systems.

Answer 25

1. Soft low noises 2. Decrease background noise when having to focus 3. Noise reduction head phones

Question 26

What is an auditory processing disorder?

Answer 26

A deficit in neural processing of auditory stimuli that is not due to higher order language, cognitive, or related factors

Question 27

List 4 characteristics of auditory processing disorder.

Answer 27

1. Delayed responses 2. Poor listeners and attention 3. Poor memory for auditory directions 4. Frequent requests for repetition of questions/ directions

Question 28

What are the symptoms of an abnormal olfactory system? (1) List 2 ways to treat this.

Answer 28

Symptoms: Irritable or sensitive to strong smell Treatment 1. Avoid strong smelling foods/ perfumes for over-responsive 2. Use calming scents such as vanilla to help eliminate noxious odors

Question 29

What are 2 symptoms of an abnormal gustatory system? List 3 ways to treat this.

Answer 29

Symptoms: avoid certain food texture/picky eaters Treatment 1. Massage around and in the mouth 2. Offer mouth fidgets (chewy tubes, teethers) 3. Gradually add taste (bland, salty, spicy, sweet)

Question 30

List 4 hypo-responsive system disorders.

Answer 30

1. Postural-ocular movement disorder 2. Bilateral integration and sequencing disorder 3. Postural insecurity 4. Somatodyspraxia

Question 31

List 3 hyper responsive system disorders.

Answer 31

1. Gravitational insecurity 2. Intolerance to movement 3. Tactile defensiveness

Question 32

List 5 symptoms associated with postural ocular movement disorder.

Answer 32

1. Poor head righting and lumbar-pelvic control 2. Poor form/space skills 3. Lack of head stability and UE trunk control 4. Lack of eye-head dissociation and visual tracking/fixation 5. Impaired body scheme and eye-hand coordination

Question 33

List 7 symptoms associated with bilateral integration and sequencing disorder.

Answer 33

1. Poor proximal stability/midline orientation 2. Poor use of both sides of the body 3. Lack of head righting 4. Trouble with forward feedback 5. Impaired body scheme 6. Unilateral weakness 7. Delayed or lack of hand dominance

Question 34

List 4 symptoms associated with Somatodyspraxia.

Answer 34

1. Global impaired central processing (poor registration/motor planning/ sequencing/ execution) 2. Impaired righting reactions 3. Poor thoracolumbar control 4. Impaired pelvic control

Question 35

List 4 symptoms of postural insecurity.

Answer 35

1. Poor righting reactions, thoracolumbar control, pelvic stability 2. Poor ankle strategies for balance 3. Impaired tactile discrimination in feet and body scheme 4. Lack of graded LE control

Question 36

List 3 symptoms of gravitational insecurity.

Answer 36

1. Impaired vestibular-proprioceptive perceptions 2. Primal fear reactions that are out of proportion to the perturbation 3. Fear of movement into backward space

Question 37

Postural insecurity is when the child has ______ over movement.

Answer 37

Lack of control

Question 38

List 2 symptoms of intolerance to movement.

Answer 38

1. Low tolerance to vestibular displacements such as riding in a car, carnival rides, and so on 2. Reactions include dizziness, vomiting and irritability

Question 39

What is tactile defensiveness?

Answer 39

Impaired tactile perception, making light touch aversive and intolerable

Question 40

List 7 behaviors characteristic of individuals with tactile defensiveness.

Answer 40

1. Avoidance of touch 2. Rubbing the area after it is touched 3. Intolerance of certain types of textures 4. Atypical affective response to non noxious touch (aggression, stress, withdrawal) 5. Decreased manipulation skills 6. Toe walking 7. Bizarre or abnormal body postures or movements in order to avoid touch

Question 41

List 4 factors affecting sensory registration.

Answer 41

1. Preparation for input 2. Past experience 3. State of sensory system 4. Environment

Question 42

List 7 guidelines to incorporate into the POC of a child with sensory integration issues.

Answer 42

1. Look for what child is seeking/avoiding 2. Look at quality of behavior 3. Clear up any sensory defensiveness or modulation problem first 4. Establish optimal arousal for the child (i.e. low arousal use excitatory input) 5. Set up environment 6. Use proprioceptive, deep pressure and vestibular input 7. Involve everyone in the case

Question 43

_____ input is the STRONGEST organizing input.

Answer 43

ORAL input

Question 44

List 3 interventions used to treat problems with extension.

Answer 44

1. Provide vestibular input especially in linear movement 2. Support entire body on small surfaces 3. Vertical positions (prone)

Question 45

List 1 intervention used treat problems with flexion.

Answer 45

Abdominal work such as holding onto vertical bolsters/stopping backwards motion

Question 46

List 1 intervention used treat problems with WB and weight shifting.

Answer 46

Push-pull activities (resistance), heavy work