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Pediatrics (SE) > Sensory Impairments > Flashcards

Sensory Impairments Flashcards

1
Q

Blindness can be either _____ or _______.

A 
Peripheral 
Cortical (eye is intact, brain cannot perceive visual stimuli)
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2
Q

List 5 impairments associated with blindness.

A
  1. Delayed head control esp. prone
  2. Hypotonic if any difference in tone
  3. Delayed language
  4. Lack of visual model for pronunciation/nonverbal cues (gestures & facial expression)
  5. Exploration into space dangerous (delayed rolling/ crawling/ walking)
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3
Q

List 3 interventions to improve orientation skills in patients with blindness.

A
  1. Gaining sense of position in space
  2. Environmental familiarization (reaching out into space to assume if it safe)
  3. Trailing (obtaining tactile cues by touching the walls and surfaces during movement)
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4
Q

List 2 roles of the PT in treating patients with blindness.

A
  1. Exposure to environment

2. Modify atypical postures

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5
Q

A high proportion of children with hearing impairments have atypical _______ responses.

A

Vestibular

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6
Q

A majority if children with auditory impairments are not seen in PT because they learn to ______.

A

Compensate with other senses

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7
Q

List 3 interventions used to treat children with hearing impairments that do not compensate with other senses.

A

Age appropriate activities
Balance training
Coordination

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8
Q

List 7 signs of vestibular problems.

A
  1. Impaired balance on one foot
  2. Difficulty with prone extension
  3. Decrements in stability when visual attention is directed elsewhere or on compliant surfaces
  4. Wide bases of support, limited arm swing
  5. Veering from straight path while walking
  6. Use of UE support during transitional movements, stair climbing, standing fine motor activities
  7. Limited visual scanning
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9
Q

List 4 interventions used to treat vestibular dysfunction.

A
  1. Improve eye movement (tracking/ball activities)
  2. Incorporate body movement (obstacle course, standing with restricted BOS, running with quick turns)
  3. Later sensory conditions (close eyes, change surface)
  4. Strengthening activities (target postural muscles)
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10
Q

Autism is also know as _________ disorder.

A

Pervasive development disorder

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11
Q

List 5 impairments characteristic of autism.

A
  1. Multi-sensory impairments
  2. Huge continuum of severity
  3. ‘Disconnected’ from the social environment
  4. Severe language delay
  5. Splinter skills in developmental areas including gross motor
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12
Q

What are the 2 diagnosis criteria for autism?

A
  1. M-Chat (2 characteristics from column A and 1 each from column B)
  2. Diagnosis before 3
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13
Q

________ is the diagnosis if the child does not meet criteria for diagnosis, is atypical, or diagnosed after 3.

A

Pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified

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14
Q

List 3 characteristics of hypotonic gross/fine motor skills.

A
  1. Quality of movement is poor
  2. Proximal weakness
  3. Fixing patterns seen
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15
Q

List 4 signs of poor gross/fine motor skills.

A
  1. Hypotonia
  2. Abnormal sensory responses
  3. Static balance affected to a greater degree
  4. Limited skills that require visual attention
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16
Q

List 3 signs of cognitive deficits.

A
  1. Attention and arousal less than optimal
  2. Learning and memory is different
  3. Limited repertoire of coping
17
Q

List 3 ways in which learning and memory are different in patients with cognitive deficits.

A
  1. Concrete
  2. Memorization
  3. Generalize to all or none
  4. Situation specific
18
Q

List 10 characteristics associated with Asperger’s Syndrome.

A
  1. Classic autism at first
  2. Later develop fluent speech/desire to socialize
  3. IQ normal range
  4. Lack of empathy
  5. Inappropriate one sided interaction
  6. Repetitive speech patterns
  7. Poor nonverbal communication
  8. Intensive absorption in certain subjects
  9. Difficulty tolerating change/liking of ritual & routine
  10. Clumsy and uncoordinated
19
Q

Rett’s syndrome is a progressive ______ disorder that typically affects _____ more than _____.

A

Progressive autistic disorder that more commonly affects girls than boys.

20
Q

List 7 primary symptoms of Rett’s syndrome.

A
  1. Period of apparently normal development until 6-18 months
  2. Slowing of head growth with age
  3. Severely impaired expressive language
  4. Loss of purposeful hand skills
  5. Repetitive hand movements
  6. Shakiness of the torso
  7. Ataxic gait (wide stiff-legged/toe walk
21
Q

List 11 secondary impairments associated with Rett’s syndrome.

A
  1. Breathing dysfunctions (86%) (breath holding, hyperventilation, air swallowing)
  2. Seizures (78%)- develop between 2 & 4 years of age
  3. Muscle rigidity/spasticity (Contractures which increase with age)
  4. Scoliosis (62%)
  5. Decreased mobility with age
  6. Constipation
  7. Growth retardation (head, small feet, decrease body fat/mass)
  8. Abnormal sleep patterns
  9. Irritability/agitation
  10. Poor circulation of LE
22
Q

List 5 characteristics of stage I Early onset of Rett’s Syndrome.

A
  1. 6 months- 1.5 years
  2. Scowling or leveling off of development
  3. Less eye contact
  4. Placid, calm baby
  5. Possible gross motor delays
23
Q

List 6 characteristics of stage II of Rett’s Syndrome.

A
  1. Rapid regression/rapid destructive (1-4 years)
  2. Loss of hand function and interaction (autistic-like)
  3. Stereotypic hand wringing/washing
  4. Hand clapping/tapping
  5. Unsteady gait
  6. Tremulousness espec. when excited
24
Q

List 5 characteristics of stage III of Rett’s Syndrome.

A
  1. Pseudostationary/plateau (preschool to school years)
  2. Less irritability
  3. Increased eye contact and interaction
  4. Increase in hand movements, apraxia, seizures
  5. Abnormal postures appear
25
Q

List 5 characteristics of stage IV of Rett’s Syndrome.

A
  1. Late motor deterioration (when stage 3 ends ~ 10 years)
  2. Reduced mobility (ambulation)
  3. Muscle rigidity and dystonia common
  4. Scoliosis
  5. No decline in cognition, communication, or hand skills
  6. Hand movements may decrease
26
Q

List 6 treatment considerations for treating children with Rett’s syndrome.

A
  1. Slowing progression
  2. Maintaining or improving ambulation
  3. Improving balance
  4. Maintaining full ROM/functional range
  5. Preventing deformities
  6. Improving hand use
27
Q

List 3 characteristics of childhood disintegration disorder.

A
  1. Develops in children who have previously seemed perfectly normal, after 2-4 years
  2. Typically language, interest in social environment, and often toileting and self-care are lost
  3. Looks autistic but history is the key
28
Q

List 3 behavioral techniques used to treat children with sensory impairments.

A
  1. Reinforcement (verbal, physical, gestural)
  2. Shaping-reinforce any behavior toward target behavior
  3. Chaining (forward vs. backwards)

Pediatrics (SE) (18 decks)

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