Developmental Coordination Disorder Flashcards
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is also known as _______ and characterized by _____.
Developmental dyspraxia
Characterized by clumsiness
List 3 characteristics of DCD.
- Coordination markedly below peers
- Interferes with academic achievement or ADLs
- Not due to known physical disorder (i.e. if you have CP you cannot have DCD)
List 3 soft neurological signs of DCD.
- Muscle weakness esp. in hands
- Lack of cerebral dominance (no hand dominance)
- Retention of developmental reflexes
True or False: Children with DCD will not be on schedule for the development of motor skills/milestones.
FALSE
Will be on schedule and able to complete age appropriate motor skills BUT they will execute motor tasks with poor coordination
Describe 2 theories to explain DCD.
- Cognitive linguistic: poor coordination secondary to understanding the task requirements
- Motoric production: poor coordination secondary to inability to produce motor output despite having good understanding of the task
What are 3 problems that children with DCD present with that lead to poor coordination?
- Stimulus identification: i.e. State that they can only throw balls that are the color yellow
- Response selection: cannot vary output (throw all balls in the same way)
- Response programming (timing, force control, sequencing)
Agnosias are problems with _____ perception. Describe 3 types of agnosia.
Problems with SENSORY perception
- Astereognosis = inability to recognize objects
- Finger agnosia = inability to differentiate between fingers
- Agraphesthesia = inability to recognize written number or letter traced on the skin
Apraxia is a problem with _____ that affects the UE more than the LE. Describe 3 types of apraxia.
Problem with motor planning
- Ideation: cannot perform movement on command or automatically
- Ideomotor: can perform automatically but not on command
- Constructional: inability to copy shape of object (i.e. build a tower with blocks)
List 9 impairments associated with DCD.
- Inaccurate sensory acuity (intact sensation)
- Poor body schema (skipping very difficult)
- Hypotonic if not normal tone (vestibular based)
- Joint laxity/poor posture (hang into ligaments)
- Static balance more affected
- Poor imitation
- Poor motor planning
- Inefficient movements
- Limited variety
List 5 functional limitations associated with DCD.
- Accident prone
- Immature movement patterns
- Delayed advanced/skilled motor skills
- Poor handwriting
- Problems with ADL skills
List 7 cognitive/social emotional limitations characteristic of DCD.
- Poor self image
- Emotional lability
- Immature
- Avoidance of difficult activities/situations
- Blames others/environment
- Complains more about minor physical limitations
- Plays with younger children
List 6 activities that should be assessed in children with DCD.
- Age appropriate activities
- Running (toddlers will fast walk)
- Skipping
- Gym activities
- Fine motor (hand writing)
- Dressing
List 4 developmental reflexes that should be assessed in children with DCD.
- ATNR (7 years = 30 deg; 5 years = 45 deg)
- STNR (5 years = 5-15 deg)
- Tonic Labyrinthine (supine flexion and prone extension for 20 sec in 6 year olds)
- Equilibrium and Righting (ineffective)
List 5 assessments of sensory acuity.
- Localization esp. fingers
- Double tactile
- Stereognosis
- Graphathesias
- Proprioception/Kinesthesia
List 3 coordination tests.
- Dysdiadokinesis
- RAMP movements (5-7 sec each, in and out): abduct arms to 90 and flex both biceps
- Pa-ta-ka (make this sound rapidly to asses movement of tongue)