Sensory Impairment Flashcards
What are common eye diseases?
- cataract
- glaucoma
- ARMD
- diabetic retinopathy
What are the different types of cataracts?
- age related
- congenital
- toxic/drug related
- traumatic
- systemic disease
What are the treatment options for cataracts?
Surgery (intraocular lens implant)
How does cataract affect vision?
Begins with blurring that progressively gets worse until blindness
What is glaucoma?
- most common preventable cause of blindness
- raised intra-ocular pressure
- results in optic neuropathy and visual field defects
Describe a mild glaucoma attack.
- pain in eyes
- haloes around lights
- symptoms are relieved by sleeping
Describe a severe glaucoma attack.
- rapid deterioration of vision
- intense eye pain
- redness and watering of eye
- sensitivity to bright light
- haloes around lights
- nausea and vomiting
What are the treatment options for glaucoma?
- eye drops to reduce flow of fluid (beta blockers)
- laser or surgery to increase draining of fluid (trabeculectomy)
What is ARMD?
- age related macular degeneration
- caused by build up of cellular waste under retina
- affects the central vision (blurring)
What are the different types of ARMD?
- Drusen type
- atrophy (dry)
- neovascularisation (wet)
Describe atrophic ARMD.
- most common form of ARMD
- eyes are dry
- atrophy of photoreceptors at macula
- no treatment available
Describe neovascularisation ARMD.
- “wet ARMD”
- atrophic ARMD accompanied by leakage of blood and fluid at macula
- more rapidly progressing
- laser treatment is occasionally effective
- causes visual distortion
What are the treatment options for ARMD?
- none is possible sometimes
- dietary supplements
- activated laser phototherapy
- intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF drugs injected into clear gel that makes up eye volume)
What is involved in diabetic eye disease?
- cataract
- glycemic vessel damage
- leakage, microanneurysms, haemorrhage
- ischaemia
- neovascularisation
What is retinal ischaemia?
- closure of retinal capillaries
- most pronounced in the periphery
What is neovascularisation?
Retinal damage due to leakage of weak blood vessels
How does diabetic eye disease affect vision?
Black/blurry patches in vision
How is diabetic retinopathy prevented?
All diabetes require an eye exam annually
How is diabetic eye disease managed?
- improving diabetic control (glycaemia, blood pressure and cholesterol)
- laser
- vitrectomy (replacement of vitreous)
