Sensory Impairment Flashcards
1
Q
What are common eye diseases?
A
- cataract
- glaucoma
- ARMD
- diabetic retinopathy
2
Q
What are the different types of cataracts?
A
- age related
- congenital
- toxic/drug related
- traumatic
- systemic disease
3
Q
What are the treatment options for cataracts?
A
Surgery (intraocular lens implant)
4
Q
How does cataract affect vision?
A
Begins with blurring that progressively gets worse until blindness
5
Q
What is glaucoma?
A
- most common preventable cause of blindness
- raised intra-ocular pressure
- results in optic neuropathy and visual field defects
6
Q
Describe a mild glaucoma attack.
A
- pain in eyes
- haloes around lights
- symptoms are relieved by sleeping
7
Q
Describe a severe glaucoma attack.
A
- rapid deterioration of vision
- intense eye pain
- redness and watering of eye
- sensitivity to bright light
- haloes around lights
- nausea and vomiting
8
Q
What are the treatment options for glaucoma?
A
- eye drops to reduce flow of fluid (beta blockers)
- laser or surgery to increase draining of fluid (trabeculectomy)
9
Q
What is ARMD?
A
- age related macular degeneration
- caused by build up of cellular waste under retina
- affects the central vision (blurring)
10
Q
What are the different types of ARMD?
A
- Drusen type
- atrophy (dry)
- neovascularisation (wet)
11
Q
Describe atrophic ARMD.
A
- most common form of ARMD
- eyes are dry
- atrophy of photoreceptors at macula
- no treatment available
12
Q
Describe neovascularisation ARMD.
A
- “wet ARMD”
- atrophic ARMD accompanied by leakage of blood and fluid at macula
- more rapidly progressing
- laser treatment is occasionally effective
- causes visual distortion
13
Q
What are the treatment options for ARMD?
A
- none is possible sometimes
- dietary supplements
- activated laser phototherapy
- intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF drugs injected into clear gel that makes up eye volume)
14
Q
What is involved in diabetic eye disease?
A
- cataract
- glycemic vessel damage
- leakage, microanneurysms, haemorrhage
- ischaemia
- neovascularisation
15
Q
What is retinal ischaemia?
A
- closure of retinal capillaries
- most pronounced in the periphery
