10 - Intellectual impairment Flashcards
Define a learning disability.
Reduced intellectual ability and difficultly with everyday activities that affects someone for their whole life eg household tasks, managing money and socialising.
What is intellectual functioning?
- learning
- problem solving
- judgement
What is adaptive functioning?
- communication
- independent living
What labels are appropriate to use for someone with a learning disability?
- person with an intellectual impairment
- person with a learning difficulty
- person with a learning disability
- development delay
What are the barriers to those with impairments in a social model?
- segregated social provision
- inflexible organisation procedures
- inaccessible information (for those with hearing or visual impairments)
- inaccessible building or transport
- negative cultural representation
What are the different causes of learning disability?
- heredity (chromosomal, genetic, development ie PKU untreated)
- environmental (maternal health, infection, nutrition, injury, sensory deprivation)
What syndromes are associated with learning disability?
- downs syndrome
- prader wili syndrome
- angleman syndrome
- ASD
What is down syndrome?
- neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origin
- most commonly full trisomy of chromosome 21
- greatest risk factor is maternal age
What are some of the signs of downs syndrome?
- growth failure
- developmental delay
- broad face with short nose and slanting eyes
- abnormal ears
- small arched palate, large tongue, dental anomalies
- diminished muscle tone
etc
What are the medical features associated with downs syndrome?
- congenital heart defects
- alzheimers dementia
- epilepsy
- leukaemia
- hearing impairment
- diabetes
- coeliac disease
- thyroid disease
- intellectual impairment
- periodontal disease
Why is periodontal disease common in those with down syndrome?
- OH can be poor
- impaired migration of gingival fibroblasts
- poorer saliva quality
- impaired neutrophil chemotaxis
- upregulated production of inflammatory mediators
What is prader willi syndrome?
- affects chromosome 15
- constant desire to eat food
- restricted growth leads to short stature
- hypotonia
- learning difficulties
- lack of sexual development
- behavioural problems (temper tantrums and stubbornness)
What is ASD?
- complex developmental condition that is behaviourally defined
- sensory differences are common
- impairments are more commonly associated with sensory and social stimulus
How does ASD impact dental care?
- environment can be overstimulating
- sensory atypia is a barrier
- toothbrushing and prevention can be a sensory trigger
- coming to the dentist is not part of the usual routine
What is cerebral palsy?
- neurological condition that affects movement and coordination
- DOES NOT CAUSE LEARNING DISABILITY although can present alongside
- hypotonia and uncontrolled movements
- balance issues
