Renal and liver Flashcards
The safest local anaesthetic drug to use, utilising an infiltration technique, for a patient with advanced liver disease in order to remove tooth 35 is…
Articiane
When providing instructions on first line simple analgesia for a patient with liver cirrhosis, which analgesic medication should be recommended?
Paracetamol
The liver is responsible for the production of which clotting factors involved in the coagulation cascade?
- I,II,VII,IX,X and XI
- Vit K
Other than clotting factors, which product of the liver is essential in achieving haemostasis?
- Thrombopoietin
- Glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets
What is the minimum UKELD score for an individual to be placed on a liver transplant list?
49
The faeco-oral route is the main route of transmission for which hepatitis virus?
Hepatitis A
Describe liver cirrhosis.
- liver cell necrosis and inflammation
- followed by replacement with fibrotic tissue and regenerating nodules of hepatocytes
- vascular derangement
The Dane Particle is found in the serum of patients infected with…
Hepatitis B
Non-alcoholic fatty liver diease/Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are strongly associated with what?
Obesity and type 2 diabetes
Sofosbuvir is a treatment given to treat which virus?
Hepatitis C
Halothane be responsible for what condition?
Drug induced hepatitis
What is hepatocelluar carcinoma?
Primary malignancy of the liver
What strain of hepatitis has circular DNA?
D
An arteriovenous fistula is provided in which situations?
Above the wrist for haemodialysis
Describe the function of the proximal convoluted tubule.
Actively reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, uric acid and inorganic salts
Describe the function of the distal convoluted tubule.
Na+ is reclaimed by active transport, with water loss by osmosis
Describe the function of the collecting tubule.
Surplus or waste ions and molecules flow out as urine
Describe the function of the loop of henle.
Water leaves via osmosis
On which day of the week would it be best to schedule dental treatment for a patient who receives dialysis every Monday and Friday?
Tuesday
What anticoagulant is likely to be prescribed for someone receiving renal dialysis?
Heparin
What is the action of heparin?
Inhibit formation of fibrin
What are signs of ESLD?
- jaundice
- ascites
- encephalopathy
- oedema of legs
- spider angioma
What are causes of ESLD?
- hepatitis A/B/C
- primary hepatocellular carcinoma
- cirrhosis
- NAFLD
- primary biliary cirrhosis
What is the function of erythropoietin?
Synthesised in the kidneys to stimulate the bone marrow to produce RBCs
