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Neuropsychology > Sensory Functioning > Flashcards

Sensory Functioning Flashcards

0
Q

What is the audible sound range for humans?

A

20 Hz - 20,000 Hz

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1
Q

transduction (n.)

A

the conversion of different forms of energy into neural impulses

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2
Q

What kind of visual receptors are in the peripheral retina?

A

Rods

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3
Q

What kind of visual receptors are in the central retina?

A

Cones

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4
Q

somesthetic (n.)

A

having to do with body sensation

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5
Q

What are the haptic senses?

A

Touch, pressure, position sense

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6
Q

kinesthetic (n.)

A

having to do with movement

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7
Q

What do cones detect?

A

Color and position

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8
Q

proprioception (n.)

A

the ability to sense the position, location, orientation, and movement of one’s body and limbs

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9
Q

What do rods detect?

A

Black and white, and movement

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10
Q

Romberg test (n.)

A

Testing to see if swaying while standing increases when their eyes are closed

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11
Q

Which visual receptor cells are better are detecting motion?

A

Rods

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12
Q

Which visual receptors are better at seeing stationary things?

A

Cones

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13
Q

exteroceptors (n.)

A

receptors that respond primarily to external stimuli

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14
Q

interoceptors (n.)

A

receptors that respond primarily to internal stimuli

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15
Q

What structure controls circadian rhythm?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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16
Q

What structure controls pupillary response to light?

A

Pretectal area

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17
Q

What structure controls infradian rhythm?

A

Pineal gland

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18
Q

What structure controls motion detection and head orientation?

A

Superior colliculus

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19
Q

What structure controls eye movements that compensate for head movement?

A

Accessory optic nucleus

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20
Q

What structure manages conscious visual perception?

A

Visual cortex

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21
Q

What structure controls non-conscious eye movement?

A

Frontal eye fields

22
Q

Where is the dorsal stream of vision located?

A

Parietal cortex

23
Q

Where is the ventral stream of vision located?

A

Inferior temporal cortex

24
Q

What is the dorsal stream of vision specialized for?

A

Perception of movement and location

25
Q

What is the ventral stream of vision specialized for?

A

Object perception

26
Q

nociception (n.)

A

sensation of pain and temperature

27
Q

What are the two primary cortical visual pathways?

A

Geniculostriate pathway and tectopulvinar pathway

28
Q

What is the path of the geniculostriate pathway?

A

retina -> lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus -> primary visual cortex (medial occipital lobe), also known as V1

29
Q

What is the path of the tectopulvinar pathway?

A

optic tract -> midbrain tectum (dorsal midbrain, superior colliculi) -> parietal and temporal cortices

30
Q

anosmia (n.)

A

the loss of the sense of smell

31
Q

prosopagnosia (n.)

A

inability to recognize faces (“face blindness”)

32
Q

vestibular sensation (n.)

A

the sensation of balance

33
Q

Where is the greatest density of cones in the eye?

A

Fovea

34
Q

Which visual receptor cells are more densely packed?

A

Cones

35
Q

Which visual receptor cells are more sensitive to light?

A

Rods

36
Q

What is the name of the sensory map in the brain?

A

Sensory homunculus

37
Q

Where is the brain’s sensory map located?

A

Somatosensory cortex

38
Q

Who mapped out the sensory homunculus?

A

Wilder Penfield

39
Q

What detects the acceleration of the head and force of gravity?

A

Otolith organs

40
Q

What visual information does the geniculostriate pathway interpret?

A

“What” we see

41
Q

What visual information does the tectopulvinar pathway interpret?

A

“Where” we see it

42
Q

What are the two somatosensory pathways?

A

The dorsal spinal tract and the ventral spinal tract

43
Q

What information does the dorsal spinal tract transmit?

A

Touch, pressure, and proprioception

44
Q

What kind of neurons are in the dorsal spinal pathway?

A

Mostly large, myelinated neurons

45
Q

Where are the parts of the dorsal spinal tract neurons located?

A

Dendrites: sensory receptors
Cell bodies: dorsal root ganglia
Axons: project into spinal cord

46
Q

Where do the dorsal spinal tract neurons synapse?

A

Dorsal column nuclei at the base of the brainstem

47
Q

Where do the dorsal spinal tract neurons cross over?

A

Cross over (and form) the medial lemniscus

48
Q

What is the technical name for neurons crossing over?

A

Decussation

49
Q

What is the pathway of the dorsal spinal tract?

A

Sensory receptors > dorsal root ganglia > spinal cord > dorsal column nuclei > medial lemniscus > ventrolateral thalamus > primary sensory cortex > primary motor cortex

50
Q

What information does the ventral spinal pathway carry?

A

Pain and temperature sense

51
Q

What kind of neurons make up the ventral spinal pathway?

A

Small(er) and unmyelinated

52
Q

What structure does the ventral spinal pathway project to first?

A

Substantia gelatinosa in the central spinal cord

Neuropsychology (11 decks)

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