Sensory Disorders - Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the eye?

A

it is an active organ

provides info about the surroundings
- adjusts the amount of light
- focuses on objects
- produces a continuous image

ensures appropriate reaction to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of eyelid conditions? signs? treatment/care?

A

entropion - inversion of eyelids
ectropion - eversion of lower eyelid
distichiasis - extra row or incorrect placement of eyelashes
eyelid laceration

signs
- blepharospasm
- squinting
- increased lacrimation (tear production)
- ocular discharge
- tearing
- corneal ulceration/conjunctivitis

treatment/care
- anti-inflammatory eye drops
- antibacterial eyedrops
- surgical correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Conjunctivitis
causes? Diagnosis? signs

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

causes
- bacterial infection - eg licking/grooming
- viral infection
- foreign body - eg grass seeds
- insect hypersensitivity

diagnosis
- visual examination
- corneoconjunctival culture - swab

signs
- blepharospasm
- increased lacrimation
- ocular discharge
- oedema
- redness
- conjunctival hyperaemia (bloodshot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment and nursing care for conjunctivitis?

A

eyedrops - antibiotic/anti-inflammatory/antiviral/ antihistamine
surgical correction
prevention of self-trauma/interference
bathe eyes to remove any discharge
environmental modifications
- eg restrict areas if grass seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

what is it? signs? diagnostics? treatment/nursing care?

A

dry eyes due to a reduction in tear production

signs
- vascularisation (more vessels)
- ulcersation
- opacity of cornea
- recurrent conjunctivitis - FBs not removed
- ocular discharge

diagnostics
- schirmer tear test - normal = 15-25 mm/min

treatment/nursing care
- tear substitutes
- antibiotic eyedrpos if infected
- anti-inflammatory eyedrops
- regular cleaning - self cleaning compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

examples of third eyelid disorders?

treatment options?

A

tear duct prolapse
- blockage of third eyelid gland
- cherry eye
tear duct tumour
foreign bodies

can cause corneal ulceration

treatment
- surgical correction
- temporary management such as topical lubricants and antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

squamous cell carcinoma
what is it? signs? diagnostics? treatment/nursing care?

A

eye tumour

signs
- thick, yellow ocular discharge
- often on third eyelid or eyelid margin
- fleshy mass

diagnostics
- clinical signs

treatment/nursing care
- surgical removal
- protection - eg eyemasks
- eye drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dacryocystitis
what is it? causes? signs? diagnosis? treatment/nursing care?

A

inflammation/infection of the tear sac

caused from obstruction of the tear (nasolacrimal) sac
- inflammatory debris
- foreign body
- mass

signs
- increased lacrimation
- recurrent conjunctivitis

diagnosis
- clinical signs
- failed flush attempt
- radiography and contrast

treatment/nursing care
- lacrimal tear duct catheter
- warm sterile saline
- antibiotic eye drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a jones test?

A

apply fluoresceine to eye
should be seen at the nostril within 1-5mins

if not then likely nasolacrimal duct is occluded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are corneal ulcerations?
Causes? signs? diagnostics? treatment/nursing care?

A

a wound/abrasion on the corneal surface

causes
- eyelash/eyelid disorder
- FB
- trauma - most common
- bacteria/infection

signs
- ocular discharge and pain
- blepharospasm
- increased lacrimation
- irregularity of the cornea
- swelling or cloudy discolouration
- development of blood vessels - late-stage

diagnostics
- visual inspection
- fluorescin dye

treatment/nursing care
- antibiotic eyedrops
- analgesia
- surgical correction
- prevention of interference
- close monitoring as can deteriorate quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

uveitis
what is it? signs? diagnostics? treatment/nursing care?

A

inflammation of the iris

signs
- pain and blepharoplasm
- miotic pupil - small/resitricted
- photophobia/squinting
- increased lacrimation and discharge
- reduced intraocular pressure

diagnostics
- haem and biochem
- opthalmoscopy
- tonometry
- fluorescin staining

treatment/nursing care
- treat any underlying cause
- topical atropine to open pupils
- corticosteroids or NSAIDs
- low lighting or eyemasks
- frequent monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

glaucoma
what is it? signs? diagnostics? treatment/nursing care?

A

an increase in intraocular pressure from bad drainage of gel/fluid within the eye globe

signs
- painful red eyes
- corneal oedema and discoloration
- swelling/firmness of the globe
- dilate pupil - not moving or slow
- retinal damage

diagnostics
- examination
- measure intraocular pressure with tonometer

treatment/nursing care
- emergency to reduce pressure
- no cure - just manage
- analgesia
- enucleation if unilateral and vision loss
- prevent interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is tonometry?
normal values?

A

measures the force required to flattern the corneal surface
calculate intraocular pressure
- high = glaucoma
- low = uveitis

dogs = 15-25mmHG
cats = 17-20 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how should you evaluate sight?

A

menace response
- cover one eye, gesture to other, see if respond
- should be seen from 10-12 weeks in puppies/kittens

tracking response
- drop/throw something
- see if they can follow/pin-point the object

visual placing objects
- place objects on the ground
- see if they see the object and step over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nursing care for blind patients?

A

dont change environment
consistent routine
safe friend or blind dog halo
corner protector
noise stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly