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Y2 Neuro Anat > Sensory And Motor Pathways > Flashcards

Sensory And Motor Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Three main sensory tracts

A

Dorsal column
Spinocerebellar
Spinothalamic

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2
Q

How many neurons in Dorsal column pathway

A

3

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3
Q

Is information contralateral in Dorsal column

A

Yes

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4
Q

Difference between gracilis and cuneatus

A

Gracilis - lower body/ limb
Cuneatus- upper body/ limb

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5
Q

When does the dorsal column pathway decussate

A

Decussates in the medial lemniscus in brainstem( medulla)

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6
Q

Where does first and second order neuron in DC pathway synapse

A

In grey matter in medulla ( nucleus gracilis/cuneatus)

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7
Q

Where do the axons in spinal cord run in DC pathway

A

Fasciculus gracilis or cuneatus

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8
Q

Where does the second order nucleus run from/till

A

Medulla till VPL NUCLEUS in THALAMUS in DIENCEPHALON

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9
Q

What fibres do 2nd order neurons in the DC pathway travel in

A

Internal arcuate fibres

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10
Q

Where do the nerves in DC pathway decussate

A

Medial lemniscus in medulla

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11
Q

Where does the 2nr order neuron in DC pathway synapse with 3rd order

A

VPL nucleus in DIENCEPHALON

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12
Q

Where do the 3rd order DC nerves go to and through what

A

Post central gyrus/ primary sensory cortex through posterior limb of internal capsule

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13
Q

Difference and similarities in pathway of DC and ST

A

Also 3 neuron pathway
Also contralateral
But 2nd order neuron is in spinal cord at same level rather than in nucleus in medulla
Also decussates in same level in spinal cord

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14
Q

How to find ST tract in spinal cord

A

White matter immediately ventral if ventral grey horn

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15
Q

Where does 1* neurone of ST tract synapse with 2* neurone

A

At substantia gelatinosa of dorsal horn

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16
Q

What is substantia gelatinosa also called

A

Nucleus proprius

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17
Q

Where does the 2* neuron of ST tract decussate

A

Ventral white commissure (white matter)

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18
Q

Where does the STP run in the brain stem

A

Spinal lemniscus (rather than medial lemniscus)

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19
Q

Where does 2* STP neuron synapse

A

Also in VPL nucleus in thalamus

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20
Q

Where do fibres in STP travel after internal capsule

A

Corona radiata and then PCG

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21
Q

What information does spinocerebellar pathway receive

A

Information about relative stretch in muscles
Stretch in tendons
Output from joint receptors
Information about pressure on skin and superficial fascia

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22
Q

Difference between spinocerebellar pathway and other 2 pathways

A

Only 2 neurons and ipsilateral

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23
Q

Is there decussation in scp

A

Yes
Dorsal doesn’t cross but ventral does

24
Q

Where does synapsing occur in scp

A

Grey matter between dorsal and ventral horn

25
Q

Where does decussation occur in scp

A

Ventral white commissure

26
Q

Which peduncle does information enter cerebellum through

A

Dorsal enters through inferior and ventral through superior

27
Q

What is the nucleus for sensory pathways for head and neck and what is the nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve , VPM nucleus of thalamus

28
Q

Important dermatomes

A

Anterior arm and Thumb- C6
Middle finger- C7
Little finger- C8
C2/C3- posterior scalp and neck
T4- Ant/Post thorax at level of 6th rib at level of nipples
T10- Ant/ Post at level of umbilicus
l4- front of knee down to medial aspect of ankle/foot

29
Q

Are Upper motor neurones pyramidal or extra-pyramidal

A

Can be both

30
Q

What do UMNs do

A

Regulate firing pattern of LMN

31
Q

Where are lower motor neurones found and where do they connect to . Where are the cell bodies found

A

Spinal cord, peripheral nerves and NMJ
Connect CNS to skeletal muscle fibres
Cell bodies found predominantly in the ventral grey horn, exit via ventral roots

32
Q

Fibre type of LMNs

A

Aa (motor to skeletal muscle) and A gamma(muscle spindle)

33
Q

How many neurons in corticospinal pathway

A

2

34
Q

Is there decussation of CST

A

Yes, 99% of UMN innervate contralateral LMN

35
Q

Where are UMN mainly found in

A

Primary motor cortex

36
Q

Where are the cell bodies and axons at the start of CST

A

Cell bodies in cortical grey matter, axons in Corona radiata and then internal capsule

37
Q

Where does CST pass through midbrain

A

Crus cerebri/ basis pedunculi

38
Q

Where is the CST in the pons

A

Pontine corticospinal tracts

39
Q

Where does the CST pass through in the medulla

A

PYRAMIDS of medulla

40
Q

Lateral Vs ventral CST

A

Lateral runs contralateral, ventral runs ipsilateral

41
Q

Where do the UMN axons in CST decussate

A

Pyramids

42
Q

Where are the cell bodies of LMN primarily located in

A

Ventral grey horn

43
Q

What is the role of the corticobulbar pathway

A

UMN corticobulbar pathways control the LMNs located in the cranial nerve nucleinof the brainstem
Bilateral UMN innervation of cramial nerve nuclei except CNVII

44
Q

What is the role of the Extra-pyramidal pathways

A

Involuntary control of movement

45
Q

What are the four main EP pathways
UMN cell bodies in‽
Receive information from
Activates?

A

Rubrospinal- red nucleus in midbrain, received information from cortex and cerebellum to activate motor neurons of flexor muscles
Vestibulospinal- vestibular nuclei in pons, receives information from labyrinthine system and cerebellum, activates extensor motor neurons concerned with maintenance of anti gravity posture
Tectospinal- superior colliculi in midbrain- receives information from visual system and activates lower motor neurons reflex response to visual stimuli
Reticulospinal- reticular formation- receives information from hypothalamus and activates lower motor neurons concerned with reflex activity, muscle tone, breathing and circulatory system

46
Q

Differentiating between upper motor and lower motor neuron loss

A

Voluntary movements of affected muscles are weak Vs affected muscles are weak or paralysed
No profound muscle atrophy ( slow wasting) Vs profound muscle atrophy
Spasticity due to increased muscle tone due to continuous stretch reflex Vs tendon reflexes weak or absent
Positive Babinski reflex (abnormal plantar reflec- dorsiflexion of big toe when stroking sole of foot) in UMN loss Vs fasciculation in LmN loss

47
Q

Where does the basal ganglia connect to

A

Cortex and thalamus (esp VA nucleus)

48
Q

What is the neostriatum

A

Caudate + putamen

49
Q

Where does information from cortex pass in basal ganglia loop

A

Cortex to basal ganglia to putamen to thalamus and back to cortex

50
Q

What us the lentiform nucleus

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

51
Q

Where does striatum signal to in indirect and direct pathway respecituveky

A

Indirect- gpe then subthalamic nuclei then gpi
Direct- gpi
Both end at thalamus after gpi

52
Q

Which tract is involved in proprioception

A

Spinocerebellar tract

53
Q

Are UMN pyrarmidal or EP

A

both

54
Q

What does anterior cerebral stroke and middle cerebral stroke result in

A

Problems with CL lower limb and CL upper limb

55
Q

What are the UMNs for CST and CBT

A

Betz cells- Layer V

56
Q

Does the posterior limb contain sensory or motor fibres

A

Both

Y2 Neuro Anat (5 decks)

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