Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What goes through the optic canal
Optic nerve and opthalmic artery
What goes through the carotid canal
ICA
What goes through the foramen magnum
Spinal cord and vertebral artery
Which CN do not arise from the brainstem
I and II olfactory and optic
Functions of CN I and II (S/M/A)
Smell and vision
Which CN from midbrain
Oculomotor and Trochlear
Function of midbrain nerves
Eye movement
Difference between oculomotor and Trochlear
Trochlear only involved in superior oblique
Any autonomic functions of midbrain nerves
Dilates pupil focuses lens
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerves
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
Where does trigeminal nerve arose from
Pons
CNV (S/M/A)?
All SA, M from Mandibular
Where is sensation to trigeminal nerve from
V1- skin above eye and nasal cavity
V2- skin between eye and mouth
V3- temporal region and mandibular teeth and sensation at ear (auriculotemporal nerve)
Automic innervation of CNV
V1-Dilates pupil
V2-Lacrimal, nasal, palatine,pharyngeal glands
V3- salivary galnds ( submandibular and sublingual)
Where do CN VI-XII come from
Medulla
Role of CN VI and what is it
Abducens- movement of eyeball
Lateral rectus
CN VII name? (S/M/A)
Facial,
M- muscles of facial expression
S- taste and sensation at ear
A- Salivary and lacrimal glands
Role of CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear- sensory, hearing and balance
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
S- oropharynx, middle ear, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 tongue, gag reflex
M- stylopharyngeus
A- parotid gland
CN X
S- Ear, larynx and pharynx Eg.auricular branch to ear
M- Pharynx and larynx egmsuperior pharyngeal constrictor
A- Heart and digestive organs
CN XI
SCM and trapezius
CN XII
Tongue movement (intrinsic tongue muscles etc., Speech, swallowing )
Eye movements
Adduct- MR
Abduct- LR
Upward (O)- IO
Upward(I) - SR
Downward (O) - SO
Downward (I)- IR
Parasympathetic innervation of CN III
sphincter pupillae to constrict pupil and ciliary muscles to shorten lens and focus on short range objects
Parasympathetic innervation of CN VII
Mucosa of the oral and nasal cavities and pharynx produce mucous
Lacrimal glands produce tears and submandibular and sublingual glands produce saliva
PS innervation of CN IX
Parotid gland produces saliva
PN innervation of CN X
Reduces resting heart rate and promoting smooth muscle contraction and secretion of digestive juices
What is one LMN palsy
Bell’s Palsy, idiopathic and mostly unilateral - affects facial nerve
What causes hyperacusis
Non functional stapedius muscle
What causes dry eye
Non functional orbicularis oculii
What causes dribbling when eating
Loss of tone in facial muscles - buccinator in cheek, Obilcularis Oris
What cause diplopia when looking at side ipsilateral to palsy
Problem with lateral rectus- abducens- (CNVI)
Vertical diplopia, particularly noticeable on down gaze
Superior oblique, trochlear (CN IV)
Ptosis, eye looks down when attempting to stare ahead
Problems with levator palpabrae superior is, inferior and medial rectus- and inferior oblique - oculomotor, III
What nucleus in the thalamus is involved in vision
lateral geniculate nucleus
Where do CN III and IV arise from
Ant and post midbrain respectively
What two nerves involved in dilation of pupil
Opthalmic and Oculomotor
Which three nerves are involved in AI to salivary glands
Mandibular and facial and glossopharyngeal
Which two nerves are involved in AI to lacrimal glands
Maxillary and facial
What three other glands does the Maxillary Nerve innervate
Nasal, palatine, pharyngeal
What nerve innervates parotid gland
Glossopharyngeal
What motor innervation does CN IX supply
Stylopharyngeus muscle
