Sensory

Question 1

the ability of the brain to organize, interpret, and utilize sensory information

Answer 1

sensory integration

Question 2

sensation received from skin and musculoskeletal system

Answer 2

somatosensation

Question 3

information received from cranial nerve input (2)

Answer 3

visual + auditory = sensation

Question 4

uses sensory information received during movement to monitor and adjust (motor) output

Answer 4

feedback control

Question 5

proactive strategy that uses sensory information obtained from previous experiences and results in anticipatory adjustments in postural control or movement

Answer 5

feedforward control

Question 6

motor learning is dependent on 3 things:

Answer 6

• information from body and environment (sensory intake)
• processing the information (sensory integration)
• plan and organize behavior (motor output)

Question 7

evidence of both motor and sensory loss in a predictable pattern is indicative of ______.

Answer 7

nerve root involvement

Question 8

______ produce diffuse sensory changes and impairments in coordination, fine motor control, and motor learning

Answer 8

CNS lesions

Question 9

degeneration of neurons, lipid accumulation in the neurons, loss of myelin sheath, plaque develops on cells, depletion of neuronal dendrites, decreased conduction velocity of sensory nerves all happen because of

Answer 9

age related sensory changes

Question 10

readiness of human system for activity

Answer 10

level of consciousness LOC

Question 11

LOC: considered normal and appropriate interactions with the therapist

Answer 11

alert

Question 12

LOC: difficulty focusing or maintaining attention to the task. Falling asleep/drowsy

Answer 12

lethargic

Question 13

LOC: difficult to rouse, confused, must be stimulated to maintain consciousness - generally unproductive interactions with the therapist

Answer 13

obtunded

Question 14

LOC: semi-coma: requires strong stimuli to rouse but lasts only momentarily - no interaction with the therapist

Answer 14

stupor

Question 15

LOC: inability to rouse the patient. are generally time limited (>2weeks)

Answer 15

coma

Question 16

LOC: absence of responsiveness and awareness due to overwhelming dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres, with sufficient sparing of the diencephalon and brain stem to preserve automatic and motor reflexes and sleep-wake

Answer 16

vegetative state

Question 17

LOC: a condition in which a medical patient is completely unresponsive to psychological and physical stimuli and displays no sign of higher brain function, being kept alive only by medical intervention

Answer 17

persistent vegetative state

Question 18

selective awareness of the environment or response to a stimulus without being distracted by another stimulus

Answer 18

attention

Question 19

person’s awareness of person, place, and time

Answer 19

orientation

Question 20

process of knowing and includes awareness and judgement: 3 preliminary considerations of cognition

Answer 20

• fund of knowledge
• calculation ability (math)
• proverb interpretation

Question 21

The ________ has been proven to indicate intact protective sensation. Patients who cannot feel this pressure during the test are at high risk of not being able to feel objects in their shoes

Answer 21

The 10 gram monofilament

Question 22

Sensory Testing Sequence:

Answer 22

1st = superficial sensation

2nd = deep sensation

3rd = combined sensation

Question 23

testing should be performed _____ to _____ direction with stimulus applied randomly with variation in timing

Answer 23

distal to proximal

Question 24

Assessment:

PROM of distal extremities
Verbal description for patient/client regarding movement of up/down or in/out

Answer 24

kinesthesia assessment

Question 25

Assessment: PROM of extremities - verbal description of statically held position - duplication of joint position on contralateral side

Answer 25

proprioception assessment

Question 26

Assessment: - tuning fork used

Answer 26

vibration assessment

Question 27

Assessment: - various common objects placed in hands for recognition - requires eyes closed or visual screening

Answer 27

stereognosis assessment

Question 28

assessment: - identification of exact location of tactile stimuli

Answer 28

topognosis assessment

Question 29

assessment: - 2 stimuli received simultaneously - distance between the stimuli measured - assessment is distance of closest measurement that a patient can discriminate 2 separate stimuli

Answer 29

2-point discrimination

Question 30

assessment: - tracing figures (typyically letters) on skin for identification - requires eyes closed or visual screening

Answer 30

graphesthesia

Question 31

assessment: various different objects with different textures used for testing

Answer 31

recognition of texture assessment

Question 32

assessment: - discrimination of differing weight resistance - need objects of different weights but same size

Answer 32

barognosis

Question 33

exteroceptors receive stimuli from the external environment via skin and subcutaneous tissue - pain, temp, light touch, and pressure

Answer 33

superficial sensation

Question 34

proprioceptors receive stimuli from muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and fascia - vibration and proprioceptive and kinesthetic awareness

Answer 34

deep sensation

Question 35

superficial and deep sensorty mechanisms that require intact cortical sensor association areas

Answer 35

combined cortical sensation

Question 36

the 2 superficial sensory spinal cord tracts are:

Answer 36

lateral spinothalamic and anterior spinothalamic

Question 37

central pain sensitization (increased response of neurons) following normally non-painful, often repetitive stimulation. Can lead to triggering of a pain resonse from stimuli which do not normally provoke pain

Answer 37

allodynia

Question 38

Unpleasant, abnormal sense to touch. Can include sensations in any bodily tissue, including most often the mouth, scalp, skin, or legs

Answer 38

dysesthesia

Question 39

sensitivity to touch. not necessary pathological. ability to recognize that something or someone is touching you

Answer 39

thigmanesthesia

Question 40

absence of temperature sense

Answer 40

thermanalgesia

Question 41

loss of temperature sense (can be complete or partial/diminished)

Answer 41

thermanesthesia

Question 42

_______ are located below the epidermis under the finger tips. Extremely sensitive to light touch and pressure. Play a role in two point discrimination

Answer 42

Merkel's Discs

Question 43

_____ are in deeper layers of the dermis and are involved with the perception of touch and pressure. They also signal stretch or tension in joint capsules and play a role in joint proprioception - position sense

Answer 43

rufini endings

Question 44

_______ are in the dermis and conjunctive of the eye - may also be involved in the perception of touch and pressure

Answer 44

krause's end-bulb

Question 45

______ located in the dermis, have branching nerve filament within the capsule. Located at fingertips, lips, toes, areas that require high levels of discrimination, recognition of texture, very low threshold nerve endings

Answer 45

Meissner's corpuscles

Question 46

______ are located in the subcutaneuous tissue layers and in deep tissues-tendons soft tissues around joints. perception of deep touch and vibration

Answer 46

pacinian corpsucles

Question 47

_____ position sense, proprioception, muscle tone, speed, and direction of movement. located in muscle and joints

Answer 47

deep sensory receptors

Question 48

vibratory sensation, is the ability to perceive vibration. this sensation, often corpsucles, Merkel disk receptors, and tactile corpsucles

Answer 48

pallesthesia

Question 49

combined cortical sensation : tactile object recognition

Answer 49

stereognosis

Question 50

Combined cortical sensation: | tested with pressure and touch

Answer 50

tactile localization

Question 51

combined cortical sensation: aestesiometer; circular 2 pt. discriminator, paper clip

Answer 51

2 point discrimination

Question 52

``` combined cortical sensation: opposite sides - proximal and distal opposite side - proximal and distal same side - extinction phenomona ```

Answer 52

double simultaneous

Question 53

combined cortical sensation: | weight discrimination

Answer 53

barognosis

Question 54

combined cortical sensation: letter, number design recognition - substitute for stereognosis

Answer 54

graphesthesia

Question 55

a referred pain or other sensation that is perceived at a remote site on the same or opposite side of the body stimulated

Answer 55

allesthesia/alloesthesia

Question 56

severe burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve

Answer 56

causalgia

Question 57

numbness or decreased sensation. can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease

Answer 57

hypoesthesia

Question 58

abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of the sense

Answer 58

hyperesthesia

Question 59

thingling or prickling sensation, usually temporary, often occurs in the arms, hands, legs, or feet

Answer 59

paresthesia

Question 60

condition developed after a thalamic stroke, severe and treatment resistant central pain

Answer 60

thalamic pain syndrome/dejerine-roussy syndrome