CVA Flashcards
Risk factors for Stroke:
- blood pressure
- obesity
- high cholesterol
- smoking
- diabetes
FAST stands for:
- face drooping
- arm weakness
- speech difficulty
- time (to call 911)
More stroke warning signs (5):
- sudden numbness or weakness of the leg
- sudden confusion or trouble understanding
- sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
- sudden trouble walking, dizziness, LOB, or coordination
______ stroke: low systemic perfusion pressure
- thrombus
- embolism “bits of matter” formed elsewhere and released into the blood stream (blood clots, fatty)
ischemic stroke
_____ stroke: abnormal bleeding into the extravascular areas of the brain
- rupture of cerebral vessel
- trauma
- congenital
hemorrhagic stroke
release of excess neurotransmitters (glutamate and aspartate) produces a progressive disturbance of energy metabolism
ischemic cascade
ischemic core tissue (these neurons die within minutes of event)
area of infarct
area surrounding the core tissue that can survive for a slightly longer time (depends on severity and duration of ischemic episode)
penumbra
____ must be received within 3 hours of onset of symptoms
those who get it are 1/3 more likely to recover without disability
tPA
management categories of stroke
- TIA
- Minor: stable, minor impairments
- Major: stable, severe impairments
- Deteriorating: Status deteriorates after admission to hospital related to cerebral or systemic causes
- young stroke: affecting persons under age of 45
leaves no evidence of residual brain damage or permanent neurological dysfunction
precursor to susceptibility for both cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Stroke:
- contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss with greater involvement of the lower extremity than the upper extremity
- contralateral hemisensory loss mainly of the lower extremity
- urinary incontinence
- problems with imitation and bimanual tasks, APRAXIA
- slowness, delay, lack of spontaneity, motor infarction
Anterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome
stroke: most common CVA
- contralateral spastic hemi paresis and sensory loss of the face, UE and LE (face and UE more involved)
- Broca’s or nonfluent aphasia with limited vocabulary and slow speech
- Wernicke’s or fluent aphasia
- global aphasia
- perceptual deficits
- limb-kinetic apraxia
- contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
Middle Cerebral Artery Syndrome
Stroke:
cerebral edema occurs d/t blood supply to both ACA and MCA being occluded
usually massive and leads to death or coma
internal carotid artery syndrome
Stroke: in peripheral territory
- contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
- bilateral homonymous hemianopsia with some degree of macular sparing
- visual agnosia
- prosopagnosia
- dyslexia without agraphia
- anomia and color discrimination issues
Posterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome, peripheral
Stroke: in central territory
- thalamic pain syndrome
- involuntary movements: choreoathetosis, intention tremor, hemiballismus, contralateral hemiplegia, weber’s syndrome, paresis of vertical eye movements, miosis, ptosis, sluggish pupillary light response
posterior cerebral artery syndrome, central
Stroke:
- caused by small vessel disease deep in the cerebral white matter
- associated with hypertensive hemorrhage, diabetic microvascular disease
- pure motor or pure sensory lacunar
- dysarthria/clumsy hand syndrome
- ataxic hemiparesis
- dystonia/involuntary movements
lacunar stroke
stroke: can produce wide variety of symptoms w/ both ipsilateral and contralateral signs
- lock-in syndrome
- can cause ataxia, decreased coordination, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, decreased balance, nystagmus
vertebrobasilar artery syndrome
Stroke: _____
- right hemiparesis/weakness
- increased frustration, preservation
- disorganized processing and problem solving
- aphasia, dysphasia, motor apraxia
- increased awareness, cautious
- apraxia
left CVA
Stroke: _____
- left hemiparesis/weakness
- dreacreased attention, awareness, judgement, memory
- left neglect
- emotional lability, rigidity of thought
- impulsive, unaware
- performance fluctuations
right CVA
_______ are typically associated with L hemisphere lesions
speech and language disorders
