Motor Learning Flashcards
consistent performance of coordinated movements as learned and practiced to interact with surroundings
motor skill
an abstract representation that, when initiated results in the production of a coordinated movement sequence
motor program
complex motor system. an idea for purposeful movement that is made up of several component motor programs
motor plan
procedural memory that involves the recall of motor programs including
- initial movement conditions
- how it felt, looked, sounded
- knowledge of performance
- outcome of the movement
motor memory
cooperative action of multiple systems allow for accommodation of movement to match the specific demands of the task and the environment: musculoskeletal, cognition, neurological, sensory
systems theory
units of the CNS organized around specific task demands
highest to lowest
task systems
a set of internal processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for skilled behavior
motor learning
response-produced information received during or after the movement and is used to monitor output for corrective actions
feedback
the sending of signals in advance of movement to ready the sensorimotor systems, allows for anticipatory adjustments in posture
feedforward
the ability to execute smooth, accurate, and controlled motor responses
coordination
synergistic functionally specific units of muscles that are constrained by the nervous system to act cooperatively to produce relatively stable movement patterns
coordinative structures
reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury. may be indentical to patterns prior to injury. may be modified compared to prior injury
recovery of function
adoption of alternative behavioral strategies to complete a task. movements utilize different muscles and strategies to substitute for loss of function
compensation
refers to the ability of the brain to change and repair itself. includes short term changes that progress to long term changes
neuroplasticity
gold standard used to document level of consciousness in acute brain injury. examines eye opening, best motor response, verbal response. on scale 3 to 15
glascow coma scale
examines return from coma scale. level 1 = no response to consciousness. level VIII purposeful and appropriate
the ranchos los amigos scale
functional/developmental positions:
prone on elbows –> quadruped –> bridging –> sitting –> kneeling/half-kneeling –> modified plantigrade –> standing
ability to learn and volitionally perform a controlled skill
motor function
________:
- continues throughout life
- requires repetition/practice/feedback
- develops motor memory patterns
- requires practice for skilled action
- cerebellar driven due to visual, somatosensory and vestibular input
motor learning
the 3 stages of motor learning:
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
type of practice:
practice complete new task desired
whole
type of practice:
complex activity dived into parts
pure-part
type of practice:
begin with initial step and progress in order
progressive/sequential
type of practice:
most frequently used, practice weak component, then put it all together
whole-part-whole
practice schedule:
frequent practice greater than rests
mass
practice schedule:
practice = to or < rests, patient motivation
distributed
practice schedule:
uninterrupted task practiced
blocked
practice schedule:
order of tasks non-predictable
random
feedback includes:
mode: type of feedback intrinsic or extrinsic
intensity: how much feedback
scheduling: when feedback best received
