Motor Learning

Question 1

consistent performance of coordinated movements as learned and practiced to interact with surroundings

Answer 1

motor skill

Question 2

an abstract representation that, when initiated results in the production of a coordinated movement sequence

Answer 2

motor program

Question 3

complex motor system. an idea for purposeful movement that is made up of several component motor programs

Answer 3

motor plan

Question 4

procedural memory that involves the recall of motor programs including

• initial movement conditions
• how it felt, looked, sounded
• knowledge of performance
• outcome of the movement

Answer 4

motor memory

Question 5

cooperative action of multiple systems allow for accommodation of movement to match the specific demands of the task and the environment: musculoskeletal, cognition, neurological, sensory

Answer 5

systems theory

Question 6

units of the CNS organized around specific task demands

highest to lowest

Answer 6

task systems

Question 7

a set of internal processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for skilled behavior

Answer 7

motor learning

Question 8

response-produced information received during or after the movement and is used to monitor output for corrective actions

Answer 8

feedback

Question 9

the sending of signals in advance of movement to ready the sensorimotor systems, allows for anticipatory adjustments in posture

Answer 9

feedforward

Question 10

the ability to execute smooth, accurate, and controlled motor responses

Answer 10

coordination

Question 11

synergistic functionally specific units of muscles that are constrained by the nervous system to act cooperatively to produce relatively stable movement patterns

Answer 11

coordinative structures

Question 12

reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury. may be indentical to patterns prior to injury. may be modified compared to prior injury

Answer 12

recovery of function

Question 13

adoption of alternative behavioral strategies to complete a task. movements utilize different muscles and strategies to substitute for loss of function

Answer 13

compensation

Question 14

refers to the ability of the brain to change and repair itself. includes short term changes that progress to long term changes

Answer 14

neuroplasticity

Question 15

gold standard used to document level of consciousness in acute brain injury. examines eye opening, best motor response, verbal response. on scale 3 to 15

Answer 15

glascow coma scale

Question 16

examines return from coma scale. level 1 = no response to consciousness. level VIII purposeful and appropriate

Answer 16

the ranchos los amigos scale

Question 17

functional/developmental positions:

Answer 17

prone on elbows –> quadruped –> bridging –> sitting –> kneeling/half-kneeling –> modified plantigrade –> standing

Question 18

ability to learn and volitionally perform a controlled skill

Answer 18

motor function

Question 19

________:

• continues throughout life
• requires repetition/practice/feedback
• develops motor memory patterns
• requires practice for skilled action
• cerebellar driven due to visual, somatosensory and vestibular input

Answer 19

motor learning

Question 20

the 3 stages of motor learning:

Answer 20

1. cognitive
2. associative
3. autonomous

Question 21

type of practice:

practice complete new task desired

Answer 21

whole

Question 22

type of practice:

complex activity dived into parts

Answer 22

pure-part

Question 23

type of practice:

begin with initial step and progress in order

Answer 23

progressive/sequential

Question 24

type of practice:

most frequently used, practice weak component, then put it all together

Answer 24

whole-part-whole

Question 25

practice schedule:

frequent practice greater than rests

Answer 25

mass

Question 26

practice schedule:

practice = to or < rests, patient motivation

Answer 26

distributed

Question 27

practice schedule:

uninterrupted task practiced

Answer 27

blocked

Question 28

practice schedule:

order of tasks non-predictable

Answer 28

random

Question 29

feedback includes:

Answer 29

mode: type of feedback intrinsic or extrinsic
intensity: how much feedback
scheduling: when feedback best received