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Physiology NEU 205 > Sensory 5: Pain > Flashcards

Sensory 5: Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Pain receptors are called

A

Noci-ceptors

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2
Q

Duration of adaptation to pain

A

Slow or Non-adaptive

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3
Q

True or false; pain threshold is the same for everyone

A

True; but the differece is in the reaction

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4
Q

Enumerate Pain Mediators / Pain Sensitizers

A
  • Bradykinins
  • Prostaglandins
  • Potassium
  • Substance P
  • Serotonine
  • Histamine
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5
Q

Pain Mediators Sensitize noci-ceptors by

A

Lowering Pain threshold;
Known As primary Hyperalgesia

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6
Q

Prostaglandin is inhibited by

A

NSAID (salcynates) such as asprin

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7
Q

Describe Distribution of Pain receptors in the body

A
  • Numerous in superficial layer of skin
  • Numerous in Perisoteum, peritoneum, pleura, joints, arterial wall, dura & tentorium
  • Not present in Deep tissue/ Deep parts of visceral tissue (Parenchyma)
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8
Q

Definition of Hyperalgesia

A

Abnormal Increase in sensitivity to pain, leading to exaggerated pain

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9
Q

Importance of Hyperalgesia

A

Self preservation of Injured tissue, to remind the brain of injured area

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10
Q

Definition of Secondary Hyperalgesia & what accompanies it

A
  • Pain that occurs in uninjured tissue surrounding site of injury
  • Accompanied by Allodynia
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11
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in Afferent fiber

A
  • Fast pain: A delta fibers
  • Slow Pain: C fibers
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12
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in their tracts

A
  • fast: Neo-spinothalamic
  • Slow: Paleo-spinothalamic
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13
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in Examination

A
  • Fast: Moderate compression of Nerve, which leaves only The C fibers (slow Pain)
  • Slow: Local Anesthesia (C fibers)
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14
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in Locality

A
  • Fast pain: well localized
  • Slow Pain: Poorly localized (diffuse)
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15
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in Neurotransmitters

A
  • Fast pain: Glutamate
  • Slow Pain: Substance P
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16
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in Reflexs

A
  • Fast Pain: withdrawl reflex
  • Slow Pain: hypertonia of underlying muscle (guarding mechanism)
17
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in Autonomic response

A
  • Fast: (sympathetic) increase Blood pressure & Heart rate
  • Slow: Parasympathetic (Decrease HR & BP) + Nausea and vomiting
18
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in Emotional Responses

A
  • Fast pain: Anxiety
  • Slow Pain: depression
19
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain in description of patient of the pain

A
  • Fast pain: Sharp, pricking, acute
  • Slow pain: Dull,Aching, throbbing, burning
20
Q

Compare between Fast pain and Slow Pain types of noci-ceptors facilitating them

A
  • Slow: Thermal & Mechanical
  • Fast: All receptors
21
Q

Along their way upwards, pain fibers give tributaries to (and name function)

A
  1. Anterior horn cells: for Motor reflex
  2. Reticular formation: for whole cortical Activation (wakening)
  3. Hypothalamus: for Autonomic reactions
  4. Limbic System: for Emotional Response
22
Q

Function of Cortex in Perception of Pain:

A
  1. Decoding the pain (Modality, locality, intensity)
  2. Interpritation of the meaning behind the pain
  3. Accompanying emotions and behavior to the pain (by prefrontal Lobe)
23
Q

Cutaneous pain begins as …. and becomes ….

A

Fast pain, Slow pain

24
Q

Reasons why cutaneous pain is highly localized

A
  1. High receptor density
  2. Starts as fast pain, which is well localized
  3. Through Vision (seeing the injury) and touch
25
Q

Deep pain is always

A

Slow pain

26
Q

Causes of deep pain (in muscles, ligaments, tendons, joints)

A
  1. Rheumatic Arthritis
  2. Muscle spasm due to fracture/tendon injury: it causes compression of BV at muscles which causes ischemia
  3. Ischemia (such as Anginal Pain & Intermittent claudication to lower limb)
27
Q

Explain why visceral Pain is slow pain

A

Pain receptors in parenchyma of viceral organs are few, therefore they are scattered (poor localization) and would need large area of injury (dull aching)

28
Q

Why patient complaining of visceral Pain being poorly localized is better than being well localized

A

well localized pain would mean that injury/ tumour has spread to through most of the organ and has reaching the covering of the organ (peritoneum, pleura)

29
Q

Enumerate Causes of Visceral Pain

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Ischemia
  3. Spasm of hollow viscus ( obliteration of blood vessels–> further ischemia or Mechanical stimulation of pain receptors themselves (uterus)
  4. Over-distension
  5. Tumour
  6. Chemical stimuli: Peptic ulcer caused by HCL
30
Q

Description of Neuropathic Pain

A

Chronic Intractable unresponsive

31
Q

Neuropathic pain arrives as

A

Bouts

32
Q

Neuropathic pain is accompanied by

A
  • Hyperalgesia
  • Parasthesia (burning & pricking)
33
Q

Examples of Neuropathic Pain

A
  • Trigemnal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
  • Herpes Zoster
34
Q

Explain the pathology of Herpes Zoster

A
  1. Virus infects DRG
  2. Leading to Severe pain in dermatomal Segment supplied by infected ganglion
  3. Virus migrates from ganglion to skin, causing skin rash & pus (Chicken pox)
35
Q

Cardiac pain is referred at

A
  • retrosternum
  • Root of Neck
  • Left Arm
  • Epigastrum
36
Q

Gastric Pain is referred at

A

Between the umbilicus & Zyphoid process

37
Q

Kidney pain is referred at

A
  • Back
  • (male) Testis or (femal) inguinal Region
38
Q

Appendicitis is referred at

A

Around the umbilicus

Physiology NEU 205 (24 decks)

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