Sensors quiz 1 Flashcards
developed in germany as a pesticide in 1936
Tabun (GA)
developed in germany in 1944 as insecticide
Soman (GD)
developed in 1938 - pesticide
Sarin (GB)
V series
developed in early 1950s in the UK in the course of pesticide research
among weapons of mass destruction what are probably one of the most brutal created by mankind
CWAs
Why do people use CWAs
inexpensive, easily produced
four categories of CWAs
Choking agents, blister agents, blood agents, nerve agents
Choking agents - what they do and 2 examples
irritate the nose, throat, and lungs when inhaled and include chlorine(CL2) and phosgene(CG)
Blister agents - what they do and 2 examples
H agents affect the eyes, respiratory tract and skin and includes sulfur mustard(H,HD), nitrogen mustard(HN) and lewisite(L)
Blood agents - what they do and 2 examples
inhibit the ability of cells ro use oxygen and include hydrogen cyanide(AC), and arsine (SA)
Nerve agents - what they do and 2 examples
Nerve G agent or Nerve V agent - block the AChE enzyme in the nervous system, which causes hyper-stimulation of muscles. The nerve agent category include G agents: Tabun, Sarin, Soman and V agent
Structures in mustard gas
2 Chlorine - 1 sulfur
Sulfide group - organic
Structures in Lewisite
3 chlorines
Arsenic - arsine group
Structures in Phosgene
Carbonyl - double bond
2 chlorine
Structures in Tabun
Mimic body molecules (Phosphate)
Phosphate group with 2 O and 2 other such as -nitrate group - organophosphonate
Structures in V agents
Mimic body molecules (Phosphate)
One thing common in all G series agents
One double bond
Tabun v Sarin
Tabun has nitro group, Sarin has a fluorine ligand
All except Tabun has fluorine agent
Sarin vs Soman
Organophosphonates
Both have fluorine
More branching in Soman than sarin
Lethal level of Sarin (ppb)
64 ppm
lethal level of Soman (ppb) G
49 ppm
lethal level of Tabun (ppb) G
110 ppm
lethal level of Vx (ppb) V
2.7 ppb
True or false: V series is deadlier than G series
True
Three important elements of emergency response
Detection And identification
Physical and medical protection
Decontamination
Three handheld CWA detection devices and what kind of test are they
Three color detector (TCD) paper
Residual Vapor detection (RVD) kit
Water poison detection kit (WPDK)
These are all colormetric
Limitations of handheld CWA detectors
low specificity and inability to detect all CW agents
TCD detection facts
The disadvantage is that is may give false positive results with many other substance
The paper impregnated with reagents reacts with the liquid CW agents to produce three distinct colours
T
he paper sticks to any surface and the color change occurs within 30 seconds
TCD colour changes
H agent turns Red
G-nerve agent turns yellow
V nerve agent turns green
True or false: M8 paper cannot detect vapours nor can it detect CWAs in water or aerosol agents in the air
true
WPDK kit detection
Poisonous substances present in water sources can be detected with the help of WPDK
What does wpdk kit contain
Different reagent marked with numbers
Test procedures for known CW agents
Results based on simple color change for detection
COLORIMETRIC GAS DETECTION TUBES paper facts
G detection positive - pink
H detection positive - Orange
Commercial device
Compared to IMS in the paper
Detects for sarin in this paper - G agent
Determines class
Blanks are yellow, positive samples are pink
Negative sample is a different chemical but no cwa
Negligible effects of sarin nerve agent in air range from 0.0003 mg for 24 h to 0.0069 mg for 10 min
IMS spectra results
Ion mobility spectra of GB at:
0 there is no peek
At 0.09 mg/m3 there is a small peak at 7ms
Ion mobility spedctra of HD at: 6.8mg/m3
a small HD product peak is seen at 6.7 ms
Ion mobility spectra of HD or GB
HD and GB product ion peak drift times are similar
CAM
Detects blood, blister, choking and nerve agents plus selected TICs ONE AT A TIME
No simultaneous detection
APD2000
Can have simultaneous detection for nerve and blister agents to detects irritants the mode must be changed manually
RAID M 100
Can do simultaneous detection
Low PPB to PPM for detection rate
SABRE 4000
No simultaneous detection
New fluorescence detector detecting Sarin
Uses recognition probe to interact with sarin selectively
BODIQ-TPE is recognition probe
This reaction is accompanied by A color change from blue to brown and a change in the emissions spectra
Response time 2 s
Detection limit of 0.7ppb
