Sensors Flashcards
Examples of Schedule I drugs
Opium, heroin, Fentanyl
Examples of Schedule II
Cannabinoids
Examples of Schedule IV
Valium Xanax tramadol
What are challenges with trace drugs
Fluctuation of drug supplies
Emergence of novel compounds
Addition of cutting agentsd
What does scotts test for
Cocaine
Three main types of color tests
general screening
Drug class selective
Functional group selective
General Screening color tests
For wide range of drugs
Distinct color for each broad class of drug
Drug class selective color test
Reagents which will only show a color change with the target drug of interest
Functional group selective color test
Reagents indicate the presence of functional group in a drug
3 reasons Raman strengthens law enforcement
Point and shoot feature
Court admissible results
Faster turnaround
What drugs can trunarc detect
Opioids
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Analgesics
Depressants
Derivatives
What is the worlds only handheld instrument that incorperates Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies in one unit
Gemini Analyzer
What drug is cheaper and easier to obtain then Heroin
Fentanyl
Synthetic opioid more powerful than fentanyl
Carfentanil
Info on TACTICID-N Plus Device
Non-contact forensic analysis of narcotics and pharmeceuticals
Samples can be non-destructively analyzed through opaque and transparent packaging
Largest library >1000 substances
IONSCAN 600
Using ion mobility spectroscopy for trace detection of drugs
real-time screening
Highly sensitive, non-radioactive, lightweight
Mass Spectrometry used in the field
GC-MS
DESI MS
DART MS
PSI MS
PSI MS
Highly sensitive and reproducibility make it a viable method for drug checking for harm reduction services
If you are measuring in grams, which device should you use
mmWave
If you are measuring in milligrams which device should you use
Raman
If you are using micrograms, which device should you use
Colorimetric tests
If you are in nanograms which device should you use
MS or IMS
If you are in picograms which device should you use
truetrace
If you are in fentograms which device should you use
Canine tracking
What are the chemicals of interest when looking at explosives
Nitroglycerin
TNT
Benzene
Nitrate
RDX
TATP
PETN
Peroxide
ANFO
C4
How does truetrace work
Vapor enters the system, explosive molecules are swept across the true trace detection system
Travels down tube and touches material detecting military ex. - red
Next material b - nitrates - green
Next C - Peroxides - purple
What does CHEMSEE detect
Functional group based sensor
TNT
PETN
Nitroglycerine
Nitrate and perchlorides
What does Nitro-Pen detect
Nitro containing explosives - TNT PeTN RDX
ON the spot can detect what
Explosive residues
Inorganic nitrates
NO NITRO groups
What dos verifier detect
Explosive precursors
Oxidizers
What does Gel-Ox detect
Liquid or Gel
Explosive precursors
Oxidizers
Advantages of CHEMSEE
Detects already mixed homemade explosives
Designated for simple use
Full color instructions
non-hazerdous waste
Take <1 minute/ detector
How does sprayview detection kit work
Spray onto collection swab and look for colour changes
7 items contained in sprayview kit
Detection spray A
Detection spray B
Detection Spray C
Validation Tabs
Cleansing solution
Sample collection pads
Full color instructions
What is in Detection spray A
Explosive residues of aromatic compounds - TNT, DNT, MNT
Any benzene will react to aromatic compounds
turns Blue or Black in 20 seconds
What is in detection spray B
Explosive residues and aliphatic comppounds (chains)
RDX, HMX, PETN and others
None of these have benezenes
Turns red or pink in 20 seconds
What is in detection spray C
Explosive residues of inorganic nitrates
Ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate
Turns Pink in 20 seconds
3A2Z Explosive Fertilizer Identification Kit colours
either green or yellow in zone one. If green - ammonium containing
Either clear or blue in zone two. if blue - nitrate containing
Either clear or red in zone three if red urea containing
What does exploscan device detect
Homemade explosives: ammonium nitrate & ammonium sulphate
- TNT
- C4
- RDX
- precursors
- Semtex
- date sheet
Four bodily fluid test results
Detected
Suggested
Inconclusive
not detected
What is the blood ID test
Kastle-meyer test
Detected: visible blood-like staining and positive kastle meyer
Suggested: NA
Inconclusive: A positive kastle meyer test in the absenve of blood-like stianing
Not detected: negative kastle meyer
At what wavelength is saliva seen
gives characteristic emission at ~350nm when excited at 282nm
At what wavelength is urine seen
emission at 340 nm excited at 290
What wavelength is semen seen
Emission at 370 nm excited at 285 nm
What does an breathalyzer contain
anode and cathode
Define schedule I
Substances or chemicals with no current accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse
Define schedule II
Substances or chemicals with a high potential for abuse with use potentially leading to severe psychological or psychological dependence
Define schedule III
Substances or chemicals with moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependnece
Define schedule IV
Substance or chemicals with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependency
Define schedule V
Substances with lower potential abuse than IV and consist of preperations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics
Test results for cocaine,l and heroin using Raman
93% true for cocaine, 5% clear, 2% inconclusive
100% true for heroin
What does NIR care about in substances?
Cares about single and double bonds in substances
range of 950-1650nm
NOT functional groups
NIR results for meth, cocaine and heroin
Meth 96.6% true positive rate, 100% true negative
Cocaine 93.5% true positive, 100% true negative
Heroin 91.3% true positive, 100% true negative
How fast does the exploscan device detect in
7 seconds
What is ASTM E2329-17
Standard practice for identification of seized drugs
How many compounds are in TruNarc library?
> 530
How many compounds are in Gemini library?
> 700
How many compounds are in TacticID-N Plus library?
> 1000
Which IMS device is best?
A) APD 2000
B) Multi IMS
C) ICAM
D) RAID-M
B) Multi IMS
Illicit drug use continues to rise with an estimated ___________ users in 2021 representing an increase of _____% over the last 10 years
296 million
23%
What is the lethal dose of fentanyl?
2-3mg
What was the most commonly found drug in the pilot study and how much did it account for
Cannabis, 61% of all positive tests
What was the order of most common drugs in the pilot study
Cananbis 61
Math 23
COcaine 14
opiates 9
Benzodiazapene 3
What was the most common poly drug in the pilot project and what was the percentage
math and amphetamines were present in ~90% of instances
According to the 2018 CFS report what is the oral-fluid cutt-off concentration for cocaine
50 ng/mL
Which drug users would be expected to test positive on drug screening equiptment for the longest period of time
Frequent high-dose cocaine users
Common uses of ChemSee
- military checkpoint monitoring
- airport security
- military forces during operation
- personal security agencies
- forensic investigations
ChemSee detecors
- Nitro-Pen
- On-the-spot
- Verifier
- Gel-ox
- Chlorate/perchlorate
ChemSee Nitro-Pen detector
Detects explosive residues, inorganic nitrates, and nitrogen groups
ChemSee On-The-Spot detector
More specific than Nitro-pen but only detects explosive residues and inorganic nitrates
ChemSee Verifier detector
Detects explosive precursors and oxideizers
ChemSee Gel-ox detector
Detects explosive precursors and oxidizers in liquid or gel form
ChemSee chlorate/perchlorate detector
Detects explosive precursors
3A2Z Explosive Fertilizer Identification Kit detection time and sample size
Time: <2min
Sample size: 1mg-0.15g
What is the oral fluid cut-off concentration for THC
25ng/mL
3A2Z - Yellow + clear + clear
No explosive detected
3A2Z - green + clear+ clear
Ammonium sulphate or ammonium phosphate
3A2Z - green + blue + clear
Ammonium nitrate
3A2Z - Yellow + blue + clear
Potassium or sodium nitrate
3A2Z - yellow + blue + red
Urea nitrate
3A2Z - Yellow + clear + red
Urea
Exploscan false alarm rate
<2%
Exploscan warm-up time
<60 seconds
NIR correctly identifies blood in ____% of cases
94%
When it comes to blood, NIR has a false positive rate of ____% due to blood like substances such as _________
14%
Blood like substances: red wine, tomato sauce, coffee
RAMAN spectroscopy has ____% correct blood identification for stains aged up to 1 month
100%
How long does it take to see a significant drop of BAC
~30 mins
How many alcohol screening devices are approved by the Attorney General of Canada?
13
What is the newest alcohol screening device approved by the Attorney General of Canada?
Alcotest 6000 Device
What are the components of saliva?
Water, sodium, calcium, magnesium, amylase
Why does THC not transfer well from body fluid to oral fluid?
Sticks to fatty tissue
Is there a direct correlation between drug concentration in oral fluid and in the blood?
No - varies between individuals
How many narcotics does Draper 5000 test for
7
How long does it take Drager 5000 to show results for cannabis? For other drugs?
Cannabis: 8 mins
Other drugs: 5 mins
How many drug tests can the Drager 5000 store?
Up to 500
