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Developmental > Sensorimotor Development > Flashcards

Sensorimotor Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are Piaget’s 4 stages:

A
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2
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages:
Which stage involves

A

Sensorimotor (0-2)

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3
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages:
Which stage involves

A

Preoperational (2-6)

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3
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages:
Which stage involves

A

Concrete Operational (6-12)

They can add and subtract

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4
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages:
Which stage involves

A

Formal Operational

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4
Q

What skills need intact sensory processing?

A
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5
Q

Sensorimotor skills:
What is the awareness of where your body is and space in relation to other objects you want to come in contact with in the environment (pick up a cup)
-planning movement
-thinking of how heavy an object is (tactile sensation)
which will help determine the strength used to pick it up by incorporating info around you

A

Proprioception

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6
Q

Which part of the model involves image of a mug on the table and a sense of your hand in space?

A

Sensory systems:
visual and proprioceptive system

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7
Q

Which part of the model specifies where the mug is, its size and other task relevant info?

A

State Estimation

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8
Q

Which part of the model involves how to process the goal of picking up the mug into a motor-commanding task?

A

Inverse Model

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9
Q

Which part of the model involves the action of picking up the mug and muscle action/ memory?

A

Motor Execution

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10
Q

Which part of the model generates a prediction of the expected sensory input (of I am going to pick up the mug because I have experience with doing this action)? The actual sensory input is compared with the predictor sensory input to allow rapid detection in correction of errors.

A

Forward Model (predictor)

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11
Q

What can go wrong within this model?

A

Step 1- If we lack proprioception (step 1) we will not be able to create an accurate state estimation specifying task relevant information (step 2).

Step 4- Deficits in the Forward model (step 4) would result in difficulties in making rapid corrections for movement

Step 3- Impairments in inverse model (step 3) would result in longer reaction times before a movement is performed (to formute a motor plan)

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12
Q

Learning means updating which components of the model?

A
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13
Q

Which 3 components of this model result in deficits in motor learning and the ability to adapt movement across development

A
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14
Q

What are the 2 main disorders associated with sensorimotor development?

A

Overlap between these 2 disorders

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15
Q

Which disorder is this?

A

ASD

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16
Q

Which disorder is this?

A

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)/ Dyspraxia

17
Q

True or false:

Adults with autism are significantly more likely to have DCD/ dyspraxia than the general population?

A

True

18
Q

True or false:

Autistic people tend to have higher levels of self-reported traits compared to non autistic people (eg. in table)

A

True

18
Q

Which 2 conditions have extreme overlap, both having difficulties with social and communicative skills and empathy extending into adulthood?

A

ASD and DCD

18
Q

True or false:

Adults with DCD/ Dyspraxia have significantly lower autistic traits and higher empathy than controls?

A

False

significantly higher autistic traits and lower empathy

19
Q

What 2 things are Sensorimotor skills important for?

A

The development of social skills and empathy

19
Q

Name 4 impacts of motor difficulties:

A

-Imitation
-Speech sound production
-Emotion recognition
-Anxiety in response to social interaction

20
Q

80% of autistic people have which type of difficulties?

An additional 10% have which type of difficulties?

A

definite motor difficulties

borderline motor difficulties

-both present from early infancy (14.7 months)

21
Q

Hypersensitivity to ones environment and its sounds, tastes and textures presented as overwhelming is in which type of difficulty in people with autism?

A

Sensory difficulties

-also includes Hyposensitivity (insensitive to hot, cold, pain)

22
Q

True or false:

There is a high prevalence of sensory difficulties in autistic people?

A

True

23
Q

True or false:

There is a high prevalence of proprioceptive impairment (determining where your body is in space) in autistic people?

A

True

24
Q

There are increased rates of synaesthesia in autistic people. What does this mean?

A

ones sensory modality triggers another (experiences colours as tastes)

25
Q

True or false:

Autistic people are slower at detecting hidden figures/ shapes in pictures?

A

False, they are quicker

-This is evidence for superior visual processing of details

25
Q

What are RRB’s?

A

repetitive behaviours or motor movements (hand flapping, same route to school, same clothes). It is a coping mechanism to deal with changes in the environment.

Violating these routines can cause great distress
-what time is it
-intolerance of uncertainty

26
Q

Name 2 types of judgments we can make?

  • Babies can distinguish this as little as 3 months
A
26
Q

Sensorimotor difficulties:

Autistic children have marked sensory and motor difficulties
compared to those without autism
Sensorimotor skills, such as catching a ball, most strongly associated with a number of autism symptoms across measures in both groups

True of false:
Sensorimotor skills (as opposed to sensory or motor alone) more strongly predict social and communication skills regardless of autism diagnosis?

A

True

26
Q

Name the impacts of sensory difficulties:

A

Repetitive and restrictive behaviours RRB’s and Anxiety

27
Q

Autistic children have difficulty in distinguishing which type of motion?

A

Biological motion

-Can detect coherent motion of wind and the snow in one direction though

28
Q

Rubber hand illusion in autistic adults showed what results?

A

Autistic adults did experience the rubber hand illusion,

BUT were less sensitive to visual-tactile discrepancies

Less proprioceptive drift (impact) to the rubber hand than controls

28
Q

Name a Sensorimotor integration in autism:

A

Eye movements

-Autistic people are less accurate when moving their eyes to a
new target and slower to initiate an eye movement
-Difficulties coordinating hand and eye movements

Rubber hand illusion

-Autistic children less susceptible, had delayed susceptibility to the illusion (6 minutes)
Reduced empathy = less susceptible
Reduced ability to integrate visual and tactile information

Mirror drawing

-visual-spatial information processing deficits may contribute to important functional motor coordination deficits in autistic people

29
Q

Autistic people heavily rely on which type of feedback?

A

Proprioceptive feedback, and have trouble with integrating this with visual information.

29
Q

Which brain region has been associated with difficulties incorporating visual cues in motor learning and is connected to error-reducing functions?

A

Cerebellum

30
Q

In autistic people, there is decreased activation in which brain region during motor tasks?

A

Cerebellum

30
Q

Where does Sensorimotor Integration Occur?

A

Purkinje Cells in Cerebellum (Sensorimotor Neurons)

-The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
+
The main excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate are released

-Glutamate is known to increase the firing of neurons =
increasing sensory feedback
-GABA is known to decrease the firing of neurons =
reducing and inhibiting sensory feedback

31
Q

In Autistic people there is an imbalance between which neurotransmitters?

A

imbalance of GABA production and GABA receptors and increased glutamate present

-can explain hypersensitivity to environment

31
Q

Impact of sensorimotor difficulties in autism:

A

social learning opportunities - social skills
-social imitation
-looking quickly to socially pertinent cues
-coordination of gesture eye contact and speech

Repetitive motor mannerisms, insistence on sameness, stereotypies

31
Q

Which type of difficulties are the first area of concern early in development (14.7 months) prior to obtaining an autism diagnosis?

A

Sensory and motor difficulties

Developmental (10 decks)

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