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Oral Radiology > Sensor Placement and Beam Positioning Problems: > Flashcards

Sensor Placement and Beam Positioning Problems: Flashcards

1
Q

PSP:

A

Phosphor Storage Plate

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2
Q

CCD:

A

Charge Coupling Device

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3
Q

CMOS:

A

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

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4
Q

Shadow Casting Principles include:

A
  1. beam angulation
  2. Receptor placement
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5
Q

Miscellaneous technique problems include:

A
  1. phalangioma
  2. movement
  3. sensor placement
  4. beam angulation- horizontal
  5. beam angulation- vertical
  6. PID/BID alignment
  7. Sensor wire placement
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6
Q

Miscellaneous technique problems related ONLY to PSP and film images:

A
  1. Sensor bending
  2. Sensor creasing
  3. Double exposure
  4. Reversed placement
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7
Q

Caused when patients finger is positioned in front of the sensor:

A

Phalangioma (look for finger bone)

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8
Q

Caused when patients or X-ray tube head moves during exposure:

A

Movement (just kinda blurry)

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9
Q

Lateral centered with open mesial contact:

A

Lateral incisors

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10
Q

Canine and 1st PM centered with open contact:

A

Canine & premolar

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11
Q

Anterior receptor edge to middle of canine:

A

Maxillary premolar/Mandibular premolar

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12
Q

Anterior receptor edge to middle of second premolar:

A

Mandibular molar/ maxillary molar

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13
Q

For an anterior bitewing, the anterior plate edge should be:

A

middle of most anterior canine

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14
Q

For an anterior bitewing, the receptor must be:

A

Parallel to the teeth of interest

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15
Q

For a vertical bite wing, anterior receptor edge is at the:

A

mesial of mandibular first molar

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16
Q

Sensor placement is more critical with:

A

solid-state sensors

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17
Q

Why is sensor placement more critical with solid-state sensors?

A

There is a smaller active image capture area

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18
Q

What type of image is being shown?

A

bitewing

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19
Q

What type of image is being shown?

A

Periapical image

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20
Q

For a maxillary premolar PA: The receptor parallels ____ & ____ of premolars as well as the _____ of premolars

A

Buccal and Lingual planes; long axis

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21
Q

Anterior edge of receptor includes distal 1/2 of canine, the premolars and some of molars:

A

Maxillary Premolar PA

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22
Q

For a maxillary premolar PA, the horizontal angle is directed through:

A

distal of canine/premolar, premolar/premolar and the 2nd premolar/molar contacts

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23
Q

distal of canine/premolar, premolar/premolar and the 2nd premolar/molar contact

This is the horizontal angle for:

A

Maxillary Premolar PA

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24
Q

For a maxillary molar PA, the receptor parallels _____ of molars, as well as ___ or molars

A

Buccal and lingual planes; long axis

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25
Q

Anterior edge of receptor includes distal 1/2 of second premolar and as much of the molars as possible:

A

Maxillary molar PA

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26
Q

For a maxillary molar PA, the horizontal angle is directed through:

A

Distal of 2nd premolar/1st molar and the intermolar contacts

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27
Q

Distal of 2nd premolar/1st molar and the intermolar contacts

This is the horizontal angle for:

A

Maxillary Molar PA

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28
Q

For a premolar bitewing there receptor parallel _____ of premolars, as well as ____ of premolars

A

Buccal and lingual planes; long axis

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29
Q

Anterior edge of receptor includes mesial 1/2 of canine, the premolars and some of the molars:

A

Premolar bitewing

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30
Q

For a premolar bitewing, the horizontal angle is directed through:

A

distal of canine/premolar, premolars, and 2ndPM/ 1st molar contacts

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31
Q

distal of canine/premolar, premolars, and 2ndPM/ 1st molar contacts

This is the horizontal angle for:

A

Premolar bitewing

32
Q

Where should a cotton role be correctly placed?

A

Between bite block and opposing teeth (Not bite block and imaged teeth)

33
Q

What is the error seen in this image?

A

Cotton roll placement between bite block and Imaged teeth

34
Q

What may cause the absence of apical structures?

A
  1. Sensor not positioned over the apical area in the mouth
  2. Bite block not against occlusal incisal edge
  3. Patient not biting down
  4. Insufficient vertical angulation paralleling
35
Q
  1. Sensor not positioned over the apical area in the mouth
  2. Bite block not against occlusal incisal edge
  3. Patient not biting down
  4. Insufficient vertical angulation paralleling

These may cause:

A

abscence of apical structures

36
Q

A dropped film corner=

A

tipping

37
Q

What is the cause of tipping/dropped film corner?

A

Sensor not placed parallel with the occlusal/incisal surface of teeth

38
Q

What can be seen in this image?

A

Tipping/ dropped film corner

39
Q

For correct horizontal angulation, the central should be directed:

A

between the interproximal contacts of interest

40
Q

For correct horizontal angulation, the central ray has to be projected:

A

perpendicular to the sensor

41
Q

What error is seen in this image?

A

Central ray is not projected perpendicular to sensor (mesial to distal)

42
Q

What error is seen in this image?

A

Central ray is not projected perpendicular to sensor (mesial to distal)

43
Q

Is the incorrect horizontal angulation a result of (mesial to dista)l or (distal to mesial)?

A

Mesial to distal

44
Q

Incorrect vertical angulation results in:

A
  1. foreshortened images
  2. Elongated images
45
Q

Excessive vertical angulation results in:

A

Forshortened images

46
Q

X-ray is perpendicular to the image but the object is not parallel with the image receptor. What may occur?

A

forshortening or elongation

47
Q

What error can be seen in the following images?

A

excessive vertical angulation- forshortening

48
Q

What is the issue with foreshortened images?

A

With smaller active area, parts of image are missed

49
Q

What can be seen in the following images?

A

excessive vertical angulation- foreshortening

50
Q

Caused by insufficient vertical angulation:

A

Elongated images

51
Q

What can be seen in the following image?

A

Elongation- insufficient vertical angulation

52
Q

Cone cuts occur with and without:

A

sensor holder

53
Q

PID not properly aligned with the sensor holding device from either incorrect XCP assembly or poor alignment of PID with XCP results in:

A

Cone cuts with sensor holder

54
Q

What error can be seen in the following image?

A

PID alignment problem- cone cut with sensor holder

55
Q

Cone cuts =

A

PID alignment problem

56
Q

What is the cause of cone cuts WITHOUT sensor holder?

A

PID not directed at center of film

57
Q

Label which is the thyroid collar error and which is a cone-cut error:

A

Left Thyroid collar
Right Cone cut Error

58
Q

What error can be seen in this image?

A

Sensor wire superimposition

59
Q

Exposure problems include:

A
  1. overexposed
  2. underexposed
  3. no exposure
  4. sensor wire superimposition
  5. post exposure
60
Q
  1. overexposed
  2. underexposed
  3. no exposure
  4. sensor wire superimposition
  5. post exposure

Out of these problems, which are less dramatic and why?

A

1,2,& 3 because post-exposure image processing by the software immediately corrects large exposure discrepancies

61
Q

What exposures errors can be corrected by post exposure image processing software?

A
  1. overexposure
  2. underexposure
  3. no exposure
62
Q

What error can be seen in the following image?

A

Overexposure

63
Q

A high density image is:

A

over exposed

64
Q

What factors contribute to an overexposure high density image?

A
  1. increased time
  2. increase mA
  3. Increased kV
65
Q

What error can be seen in this image?

A

Underexposure

66
Q

What is the MAIN cause of an under exposed image? What else can contribute?

A

Main cause: Insufficient exposure time

  • kVp or mA, and excessive tube receptor distance (related to inverse square law)
67
Q
  • insufficient time
  • insufficient mA
  • insufficient kVp

These would result in what type of image?

A

underexposed

68
Q

Sensor wire superimposition may be considered a ____ problem

A

exposure

69
Q

What error can be seen in the following image?

A

Post-exposure image processing error (Calibration files)

70
Q

What error can be seen in this image?

A

Post-exposure image processing error (+ gain, gamma, -gain)

71
Q

What error can be seen in this image?

A

Post-exposure image processing error (+ gain, gamma, -gain)

72
Q

The main patient preparation problem:

A

failure to remove a non-fixed item from patient that may be in the path of the primary x-ray beam

73
Q

What error can be seen in the following image?

A

Patient glasses on

74
Q

T/F: Not removing jewelry risks masking disease

A

true

75
Q
A

Oral Radiology (21 decks)

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