Sensky

Question 1

What was the aim of the study comparing CBT and befriending interventions?

Answer 1

To compare the efficacy of one-to-one CBT and a befriending intervention for people with schizophrenia.

The study specifically focused on individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Question 2

How many participants were involved in the study?

Answer 2

Ninety participants aged 16 to 60 years.

All participants had been prescribed a daily dose of at least 300 mg of chlorpromazine.

Question 3

What criteria were used to diagnose participants in the study?

Answer 3

ICD-10 and DSM-V.

These are standard classifications used for mental health diagnoses.

Question 4

What type of treatment did participants receive? How were they allocated and who gave tretement

Answer 4

Participants were randomly allocated to either the CBT group or the befriending group.

Both groups received treatment from experienced nurses under supervision.

Question 5

What was the primary method of symptom assessment in the study?

Answer 5

Symptoms were assessed by ‘blind’ raters.

Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment, and nine months after treatment.

Question 6

What were the main goals of the CBT sessions?

Answer 6

To understand the development of symptoms and to reduce distress and disability.

Therapists worked collaboratively with patients.

Question 7

What was the focus of the befriending group intervention?

Answer 7

Participants engaged in discussions about hobbies, sport, and current affairs.

Therapists in this group were empathic and non-directive.

Question 8

What techniques were used in CBT for hearing voices?

Answer 8

Patients kept diaries, critical analysis of beliefs, and coping strategies.

The diary method helped document experiences related to symptoms.

Question 9

What is the Socratic questioning technique in CBT?

Answer 9

A method to verbally challenge and reflect on irrational beliefs.

Clients are encouraged to present evidence for their claims.

Question 10

What is the downward arrow technique used in CBT?

Answer 10

A technique to explore the subjective meaning of thoughts to reveal underlying beliefs.

This technique also discusses alternative interpretations of events.

Question 11

What was the average number of sessions attended by participants?

Answer 11

Participants attended an average of 19 sessions in nine months.

Attendance was similar for both CBT and befriending groups.

Question 12

What were the results of the study regarding symptom reduction?

Answer 12

Both groups showed a reduction in symptoms, but only the CBT group showed continued improvement at follow-up.

There was no significant difference in medication use between groups.

Question 13

True or False: The befriending group showed significant improvement at the nine-month follow-up.

Answer 13

False.

Only the CBT group showed continued improvement.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The treatment was delivered by _______ who received regular supervision.

Answer 14

experienced nurses.

Regular supervision ensured quality and consistency in treatment.

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of CBT techniques in treating symptoms like hearing voices?

Answer 15

To encourage critical analysis of beliefs about the origin and nature of the voice(s) and to devise coping strategies.

This involves documenting experiences through diaries and reflecting on thoughts.

Question 16

What technique is used in CBT to challenge irrational beliefs verbally?

Answer 16

Guided discovery using Socratic questioning.

This involves asking probing questions and encouraging clients to present evidence for their claims.

Question 17

What is the downward arrow technique used for in CBT?

Answer 17

To explore the subjective meaning of the client’s thoughts and reveal underlying beliefs.

This includes discussing alternative interpretations of events.

Question 18

What is thought linkage in CBT?

Answer 18

A technique where therapists ask patients to explain the connections between seemingly unrelated thoughts.

This helps patients to understand their thought processes better.

Question 19

What strategy was suggested to minimize fatigue and stress in patients?

Answer 19

Paced activity scheduling.

Clients were also encouraged to keep a diary of pleasurable and accomplishment-related times.

Question 20

How many sessions did participants attend on average during the study?

Answer 20

19 sessions in nine months.

There was no significant difference in the number of sessions attended by the CBT group compared to the befriending group.

Question 21

What was a key finding regarding the CBT group’s symptoms post-treatment?

Answer 21

Only the CBT group showed continued improvement at the nine-month follow-up assessment.

The befriending group did not maintain initial improvements.

Question 22

What was one strength of the study regarding treatment session quality?

Answer 22

All treatment sessions were audiotaped and assessed by a blind rater.

This improved internal validity by ensuring no CBT elements were present in befriending sessions.

Question 23

What was a strength related to the sample selection of the study?

Answer 23

The sample included participants from five clinical services in various locations.

This allows for more confident generalizations due to diversity in urban and rural settings.

Question 24

What is a potential weakness of the study regarding the effectiveness of CBT?

Answer 24

Uncertainty whether CBT would be effective on its own since it was combined with drug treatment.

Participants were still taking medications even if they initially did not respond.

Question 25

What is a limitation of the longitudinal design of the study?

Answer 25

Participant drop-out reduced the representativeness of the sample.

This may limit generalizations about the effectiveness of CBT for all individuals with schizophrenia.

Question 26

True or False: The study found no difference in medication use between the CBT group and the befriending group.

Answer 26

True.

There was no difference in medication use reported in the study.