Senses

Question 1

What is the general function of a receptor?

Answer 1

A highly modified nerve cell that gives the body information about the external or internal environment. They generate nerve impulses and send info to the CNS so a coordinated response can be directed to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 2

Are specialized nerve receptors that are sensitive to certain chemicals.
Taste - Taste buds
Smell - olfactory cells
Internal senses - osmoreceptors that regulate blood pressure, CO2 balance, etc.

Question 3

What are photoreceptors?

Answer 3

Vision - rods and cones found in the retina of the eye

Question 4

What are Mechanoreceptors?

Answer 4

Touch/Pressure/Pain - receptors in the skin
Hearing - hair cells in the inner ear detect sound waves
Balance - hair cells in the ear detect motion
Body position - proprioceptors and stretch receptors in the muscle

Question 5

What are thermoreceptors?

Answer 5

Temperature - skin receptors detect a change in radiant energy

Question 6

What are the different taste buds on the tongue?

Answer 6

There are four chemoreceptors: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

Question 7

What is the connection between smell and taste?

Answer 7

Taste is enhanced by smell. Our olfactory cells help us both taste and smell, they are located in the nasal cavity. We smell when airborne molecules get trapped by the dendrites. smell detects airborne molecules, taste detects dissolved chemicals

Question 8

What does the sclera do?

Answer 8

Tough elastic white tissue that encases and protects the eyeball (white posterior portion)

Question 9

What does the Cornea do?

Answer 9

Clear anterior portion of the sclera. Allows light in while keeping other things out, and refracts light toward the cornea.

Question 10

What does aqueous humour do?

Answer 10

Watery liquid that protects the lens of the eye and supplies the cornea with nutrients

Question 11

What does the Iris do?

Answer 11

The pigmented anterior portion of the choroid. It surrounds the pupil and regulates how much light enters the eye

Question 12

What does the pupil do?

Answer 12

The opening of the Iris allows light into the eye.

Question 13

What does the lens do?

Answer 13

flexible/transparent body responsible for focusing light (image) onto the retina.

Question 14

What does the ciliary muscle do?

Answer 14

It contracts/relaxes changing the tension on the ligaments and altering the shape of the lens.

Question 15

What does vitreous humour do?

Answer 15

Maintains the shape of the eyeball and permits light transmission to the retina

Question 16

What does the choroid do?

Answer 16

Contains darkly pigmented tissue which blood vessels nourish the retina. Pigment absorbs the light and prevents reflections

Question 17

What does the Retina do? What are rods and cones?

Answer 17

Contains photoreceptors called rods and cones. Rods help with viewing in dim light and cones are used for identifying colour.

Question 18

What does the Fovea Centralis do?

Answer 18

Most light-sensitive area of the retina only containing cones.

Question 19

What does the optic nerve do and what are blind spots?

Answer 19

Carries visual information to the occipital lobe of the brain. The blind spot is where the optic nerve attaches to the retina and we do not see

Question 20

How does the brain see far objects?

Answer 20

The lens becomes short and thin

Question 21

How does the brain see close objects?

Answer 21

The lens needs to be thicker and longer

Question 22

What is myopia?

Answer 22

It is nearsightedness when you can see what is near you but can’t see what is far

Question 23

What is Hyperopia?

Answer 23

It is farsightedness when you can’t see what is near but you can see what is far

Question 24

What is the Pinna?

Answer 24

The outer part of the ear, like a funnel, taking the sound from a large area and channels it into a small canal

Question 25

What is the auditory canal?

Answer 25

carries sound waves to the eardrum

Question 26

What is the tympanic membrane?

Answer 26

A thin layer of tissue receives sound vibrations, also known as the eardrum

Question 27

What are ossicles? (Malleus, incus and stapes)

Answer 27

Tiny bones that amplify and carry sound in the middle ear

Question 28

What is the oval window?

Answer 28

Oval shaped whole in the vestibule of the inner ear, covered by a thin layer of tissue

Question 29

What is the cochlea

Answer 29

coiled structure of the inner ear that responds to various sound waves and converts them into nerve impulses.

Question 30

What is the organ of corti?

Answer 30

primary sound receptor in the cochlea

Question 31

What is the round window?

Answer 31

Allows fluid in the cochlea to move

Question 32

What are hair cells?

Answer 32

process and transmit sound to the brain

Question 33

What is the auditory canal?

Answer 33

carries sound waves to the eardrum

Question 34

What is the vestibular apparatus (urticle and sacule)

Answer 34

They help with the balance of the body. They are a fluid that stimulates the hair cells to detect motion and orientation

Question 35

what is the othilis?

Answer 35

Tiny stones of calcium carbonate embedded in a gelatinous coating within the saccule and utricle.

Question 36

What is the semicircular apparatus?

Answer 36

Help with motion and balance