Genetics

Question 1

What is the principle of dominance?

Answer 1

It is when one form of the hereditary trait, the dominant form, will be expressed over the other form. If two alleles differ one is fully expressed ( dominant), and one is fully masked (recessive.

Question 2

What is the principle of Segregation?

Answer 2

During gamete formation, the pair of genes responsible for each trait separate so that each gamete only contains one gene for that trait.

Question 3

What is the principle of Independent assortment?

Answer 3

Each allele pair segregates independently of other gene pairs during gamete formation.

Question 4

What is the difference between chromosomes genes and alleles?

Answer 4

A gene is the physical and functional unit of heredity. It is a segment of DNA that performs a specific function such as coding for a particular protein.
While an allele is a specific/alternative form of a gene.
And chromosomes are found in the nucleus of most living cells carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Question 5

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype

Answer 5

Genotype is the specific combination of alleles an individual possess for a particular trait.
While phenotype is the way the trait is observed (white flowers - the physical expression of the genotype.

Question 6

What is the difference between homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive and heterozygous?

Answer 6

Homozygous dominant is having identical alleles for the same gene, where one or both of the two are in a dominant form.
Homozygous recessive is having identical alleles for the same gene, where one or both of the two are in recessive form.
Heterozygous is having different alleles for the same gene.

Question 7

What is the difference between purebred and hybrid?

Answer 7

Purebreeding is when plants that self-pollinate produce offspring identical to the parents.
Hybrid is when offsprings are produces with two different organisms

Question 8

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 8

It is when two purebred ‘peas’ are crossed.

Question 9

What are test crosses?

Answer 9

The cross of an individual of unknown genotype to an individual that is fully recessive

Question 10

What are multiple alleles?

Answer 10

Some genes have more than two alleles and can determine more than two forms of a trait. They may display dominance hierarchy

Question 11

What are multiple alleles?

Answer 11

Some genes have more than two alleles and can determine more than two forms of a trait. They may display dominant hierarchy