Sensations and preceptions Flashcards

1
Q

sensation definition

A

the reception of stimulation from an environemnet
- detection of physical energy by sense organs which send information to the brain

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2
Q

Preception definiton

A

interpretation of the sensory informaion which often happens as a automatic process (pattern recognition)

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3
Q

Transduction definition

A

the process of converting an external stimulus into electrical activity within neurons

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4
Q

Sensory adaption

A

the idea that activiation is greatest when stimulus first is detected

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5
Q

definition of psychophysics

A

the study of how we perceive sensory stimuli based on their physical characterisitics

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6
Q

absolute thereshold definition

A

the lowest level of stimulus needed to be detected by the nervous system 50% of the time

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7
Q

just noticeable difference

A

the smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect

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8
Q

webr’s law

A

the constant proportional relationship between the JND and the orginal stimulus intensity

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9
Q

photoreceptor

A

a specialized neuron that convert light into electrical signals that start transduction

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10
Q

bottom up processing

A

analysis and integration of basic features into a perceptual unit (when features combine to form an object)

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11
Q

hierarchial organization

A

form of perceptual units through a process of increasingly complex connection between simple units (occurs in the visual cortex, temporal and parietal lobes)

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12
Q

paralle processing

A

when a system which has many different steps happens simultaneously (allows for perception of many different features)

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13
Q

top-down processing

A

when context and higher level knowledge influence lower level process

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14
Q

principal of simplicity

A

we have sensory input our perceptual systems usually tries to create a percept that is simple orderly and stable

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15
Q

law of proximity

A

when objects that are physically close to each other tend to be perceived as unified wholes or groups

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16
Q

the law of closure

A

when objects are percieved as whole even if there are not complete

17
Q

the law of good continuation

A

the ability to perceive objects as forming smooth and continous patterns

18
Q

law of symmetry

A

when objects are around a centre point form a group or whole

19
Q

law of figure-ground segregation

A

the tendancy to structure the visual field into two parts (figure and a background

20
Q

prosopagonosia

A

a deficit in recongnizing faces

21
Q

apperceptive agnpsoa

A

defict in recongizing patterns

22
Q

assoicative agnosia

A

deficit in associating meaning with pattern

23
Q

place theory (pitch perception)

A

different frequencies stimulated by different locations on the basier membrane

24
Q

frequency theory

A

tones with different frquencies cause neurons to fire at different rates

25
volley theory
when sets of neurons fire just out if sync with each other to code for frequencies above the rates at which neurons can fire
26
consciousness
the subjective experience of the world, our own bodies, and our mental prespectives
27
circadian rhythm
changes that occur on a roughly 24 hour basis in many biological process
28