Psychology and Science (unit 1) Flashcards
Evidence Based definition
development or creation of materials that have been composed by scientific literature or guided by principals of scientific investigation
Growth mindset definition
the belief that someone views intellegence and learning are developed which therefor shows that change can positivily occur
fixed mindset definition
the belief that someone views intellegence and learning as something one just has and can not be developed; extra work shows that you lack this quality since more time is required to understand
Who is likely to achieve more, a person with a growth or fixed mindset?
A person with a growth mindset due to the characteristics that occur in terms of this type of thinking
what are the characteristics of a growth mindset
- embraces challenges
- overcomes obstacles
- view effort as the path to mastery
- learn from critisium
- finds lessons and inspirations from other peoples successes
what are the characteristics of fixed mindsets?
- avoids challenges
- gives up easily
- views effort as no worth it
- ignores negative feedback
- feels threatened by other peoples successes
Which type of mindset will give higher success rates?
growth mindsets
What is psychology
the scientific study of the mind, brain. and behaviour that uses systematic and empirical investigation methods
what is levels of analysis in psychological displine?
how certain things connect to either biological influences or social/cultural influences
mind definition
the brain in action
why are psychological influences hard to define the definite cause?
Often the causes are highly similuiar and are closely related or rely upon each other; causes can also be from multiple factors at once
What are the five factor that make psychology complex to study?
1) behaviour is difficult to predict (multiply determined)
2) psychological influences are often related
3)everyone is unique in terms of different behaviour, emotion, personality, etc.
4) everyone is influenced by there surrounding peers (reciprocal determinism)
5) culture differences
Define Naive Realism
the belief of seeing the world how it is
Why is common sense still useful in psychology if it is still somewhat faulty?
common sense is a large asset when generating scientific hypthesis, which leads to further investigations. However by using a scientific approach, it can clarify when common sense is useful and when it is problematic
science definition
systematic approach of evidence
Define scientific theory
an explaination for a large number of findings in the natural and psychological world; must be able to generate hypothesis
what are the two misconceptions of a scientific theory?
1) a theory explains one specific event
2) a theory is just an educated guess (theories can never be proven as correct but can only be strongly supported by evidence that is collected)
what are the two most crucial bias that scientist tend to display?
1) confirmation bias
2) belief perserverance
Define confirmation bias
the tendency to seek out data or evidence that will only support our beliefs on the matter and will deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them
Define belief perseverance
the tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence tends to contradicts it
Define metaphysical claims
claims about the world that can not be tested (can never be tested using scientific methods and are considered to be outside the domain of science)
popular psychology definition
a form of psychology that is easily accessible by the public and is relativily straightforward
how do people commonly access popular psychology?
self help books
articles
movies
internet
Define Pseudoscience
a set of claims that is thought to be scientific but is not.
- these claims lacks the safegaurds against biases