Sensation & Perception Flashcards
Sensation
What an individual feels when a stimulus reacts with a receptor.
Sensory Threshold
The necessary strength of a stimulus to instigate an action potential
Habituation
The filtering out of unchanging stimuli
Cornea
Cover of the eye that angles light into the pupil
Aqueous Humor
Clear liquid nourishing and diffracting the eye
Pupil
The center region in which light travels through and is dilated by the iris muscles
Retina
The back of the eye which contains photoreceptors
Lens
Angles light farther to converge on the retina in the back of the eye
Fovea
The central region in the retina with the highest concentration of photoreceptors
Blind Spot
The location of the optic nerve where there are not photoreceptors
Vitreous Humor
Liquid in the eye that bends the light the most… converges on the retina
Rods
non-color photoreceptors that work in low light
Cones
Photoreceptors that collect the high intensity color light; produce colored vision and the sharpness an image has, due to their higher concentration
Trichromatic Theory
There are three colors of photoreceptors (red, blue, and green ) which produce the rainbow of colors we see when activated in various proportions
Opponent-Process Theory
There are four types of cones, (red, blue, green, and yellow) that go in pairs, [red with green, and blue with yellow] that are activated by different colors and when fatigued cause the opponent cone to be stimulated more shifting the color visualized
Afterimage
visual sensation that persists briefly after stimulus ends
Colorblindness
One kind or many kinds of cones that are damaged causing one to see in limited colors and grays
Place Theory
Cell hairs closer to the oval window vibrate at higher frequencies than those farther away
Volley Principle
Cell hairs alternate firing which adds up to a desired frequency
Frequency Theory
BLAH BLAH
Conduction Impairment
The sound waves aren’t sent from the eardrum to the cochlea
Nerve Hearing Impairment
The signal isn’t sent down the nerves due to auditory pathway damage
Five Tastes
Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salty, Umami(Brothy)
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA)
The inability to feel pain
Kinesthetic Sense
The location of body parts in relation to another
Vestibular Sense
Otolith organs and semicircular canal that tell the movement of the body (example… the ears tell head movement)
Size Constancy
A objects size remains the same no matter the distance away
Somatic Pain
2 kinds of skin pain
- The initial sharp intense pain
- The longer lasting throbbing or aching pain
Figure-Ground
The perceiving of objects as existing in the background
Motion Sickness
Nauseous feeling arising from the difference between what the eyes see and what the ears are sensing
Reversible Figures
The background and figure are interchangeable
Proximity
When things are together they tend to be grouped in clumps
Similarity
Things are perceived to be from the same group when they look alike/similar
Closure
Tendency to finish object’s shapes that are not complete
Continuity
One tends to see a large image over the complex broken pieces composing it
Contiguity
How one tends to perceive things close in time as being connected
Shape Constancy
Objects are given a specific shape even if looked at in a weird angle
Linear Perspective
Lines parallel appear to converge as they move into the distance
Relative Size
Due to size consistency, the smaller an object is the farther away it is
Overlap
Objects blocked by another are farther away
Aerial Perspectivee
Far away objects are hazier because of dirt, dust, and pollutants
Texture Gradient
A pattern farther away - the pattern is less likely to be seen
Motion Paradox
Objects farther away look to move slower
Convergence
The movement of the eyes when focusing on an object
- Converge (cross-eyed) when objects are close
Binocular Disparity
The summation of what both eyes seem from their different perspectives
Brightness Constancy
Objects will be perceived to have a specific brightness no matter the light change
