Consciousness & Cognition Flashcards
Circadian Rhythm
The sleep/wake cycle that ones body has been biologically programed to follow; influencing digestion, hormone levels, body temperature, etc…
Sleep Cycle Stage 1
BLAH
Insomnia
The inability to fall or stay asleep
Somnambulism
Sleep walking
Narcolepsy
The sudden change from fully awake to REM sleep in the middle of the day
Night Terrors
Waking up from stage four sleep afraid for no reason
Sleep Apnea
The ceasing of breathing during sleep
Freud’s Dream Theory
Dreams are the unconscious desires/conflicts played out in symbolic form
Manifest Content
The actual surroundings, objects, and figures of the dream as well as the events
Latent Content
The actual meaning behind the symbolism
Cognition
The mental activity in the brain used for organizing, understanding and communicating to others the thoughts and experiences one had
Concepts
An idea representing a class or category
Basic-Level Types
A very general class of objects or events, such as an apple, party, or computer
Subordinate Types
The most specific class or type, such as a MacBook Air or a granny apple
Formal Concepts
A very rigid ideal; where all rules must be met for the item to be placed in this class
Prototypes
A natural example that is visualized by an individual when a word is spoken
- When someone says “Fruit” some people will think strawberries or apples, while others will think mango or papaya due to their differences in geography and culture
Trial-by-Error Problem Solving
Trying one possibility after the next till one works to find a solution
Algorithm Problem Solving
Using specific step-by-step methods that consistently produces the desired result
Heuristic Problem Solving
Using a simple “rule of thumb” method which can be applied to multiple problems
Means-end Analysis Problem Solving
Determine the difference between position and the goal and using multiple and various methods to reach the end
Insight
An AHA!! moment… When a past experience can be used for a similar situation
Functional Fixedness
Only able to see an item for its intended purpose and not for what it couple be used for
- ex. using a coin for a screwdriver
Mental Set
Tendency to reuse problem-solving methods that worked in the past
Confirmation Bias
Tendency for one to look for evidence supporting ones theory while ignoring evidence against
Creativity
The ability to combine ideas and behavior in new ways to solve new problems
Convergent Thinking
Taking many possibly pathways to get to one conclusion
Divergent Thinking
Taking one pathway and following it to uncover many possible situations and conclusions
Consciousness
An individuals awareness of that which is transpiring around him/herself at any given moment
