Sensation & Perception

Question 1

Translating messages (stimuli) from the environment into neural impulses

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

Producing stable interpretations of the sensory input

Answer 2

Perception

Question 3

The field of psychology that focuses on sensation and perception

Answer 3

Psychophysics

Question 4

________ is the basic building blocks of experience

Answer 4

sensation

Question 5

“Bottom-up” processing refers to….

Answer 5

sensory processing

Question 6

______ is our experience of stimuli/ events

Answer 6

Perception

Question 7

“Top-down” processing refers to….

Answer 7

perceptual processing

Question 8

Is sensual processing physical or psychological?

Answer 8

Physical

Question 9

Is perceptual processing physical or psychological?

Answer 9

Psychological

Question 10

What do optical illusions show?

Answer 10

They show the difference between sensation and perception

Question 11

we sense a _______ world
We perceive a _______ world

Answer 11

2D
3D

Question 12

What 3 structuralists were discussed in perception and sensation?

Answer 12

Wundt, Fechner, Weber

Question 13

Who studied sense of taste in 4 elementary tastes?

Answer 13

Titchener

Question 14

Fundamental and innate organizing principles of visual perception:

Answer 14

Gestaltists (“form”)

Question 15

What are the 5 senses?

Answer 15

Sight, sound, touch, smell, taste

Question 16

Stimuli for sight

Answer 16

Sight: Vision – electromagnetic energy (wavelengths of light)

Question 17

Stimuli for sound

Answer 17

Hearing – physical (soundwaves through air)

Question 18

Stimuli for touch

Answer 18

Physical – (pressure on receptors in skin produce neural impulse)

Question 19

Stimuli for smell

Answer 19

– Chemical (molecules in air or liquid in nose/ throat)

Question 20

Stimuli for taste

Answer 20

Chemical (molecules stimulate taste receptors on tongue)

Question 21

From the physical world (stimulus) to the language of the mind (neural impulses)

Answer 21

Transduction

Question 22

__________ allows our brain to manipulate environmental data

Answer 22

transduction

Question 23

What are photoreceptors

Answer 23

rods and cones

Question 24

Vision:
Light -> retina -> _________ -> neuron fires -> optic nerve -> visual cortex

Answer 24

Photoreceptors

Question 25

Hearing: Sound waves -> cochlea -> ________________ -> neuron fires -> auditory nerve -> auditory cortex

Answer 25

basilar membrane hair cells

Question 26

what does transducing mean?

Answer 26

Changing stimuli to neural impulse

Question 27

what are the 2 types of photoreceptors?

Answer 27

Rods & Cones

Question 28

Photoreceptors are ______ neurons

Answer 28

sensory

Question 29

Which photoreceptors are responsible for color?

Answer 29

Cones

Question 30

_________ in photoreceptors chemically react to light

Answer 30

photopigments

Question 31

Ganglion Cells have final output in the _______ .

Answer 31

Retina

Question 32

The inability to recognize faces is called...

Answer 32

prosopagnosia

Question 33

prosopagnosia is...

Answer 33

the inability to recognize faces

Question 34

How many types of cones are there?

Answer 34

3 different types

Question 35

how does color blindness result?

Answer 35

results from having wrong kind of photopigment in cones

Question 36

______ processing is controlled by physical messages delivered to the senses

Answer 36

Bottom-up

Question 37

________ processing is controlled by one's beliefs, expectations about the world

Answer 37

Top-down

Question 38

How many Gestalt principles are there?

Answer 38

5

Question 39

What are the 5 Gestalt Principles

Answer 39

Proximity, Similarity, Good Continuity, Closure, Common Fate

Question 40

Gestalt Principles: ______ refers to distance; closer objects are grouped together

Answer 40

Proximity

Question 41

Gestalt Principles: Features which are similar are associated or grouped together. This is...

Answer 41

Similarity

Question 42

Gestalt Principles: __________ refers to the ability to continue on the same way continuously indefinitely.

Answer 42

Good Continuity

Question 43

Gestalt Principles: Interpretations which produce 'closed' rather than 'open' figures are favored.

Answer 43

Closure

Question 44

Gestalt Principles: If things appear to be moving in the same direction, we group them together.

Answer 44

Common Fate

Question 45

What are the two different categories of depth cues?

Answer 45

Monocular and Binocular

Question 46

______ depth cues require input from only one eye

Answer 46

Monocular

Question 47

_______ depth cues depend on both eyes

Answer 47

Binocular

Question 48

How many types of Binocular Depth Cues are there?

Answer 48

Two

Question 49

What are the two types of Binocular Depth Cues?

Answer 49

Retinal Disparity & Convergence

Question 50

Depth Cues: Difference between location of images in each retina

Answer 50

Retinal Disparity

Question 51

Depth Cues: How far the eyes turn inward (converge) to focus on an object

Answer 51

Convergence

Question 52

What does PSE stand for?

Answer 52

Photosensitive Epilepsy

Question 53

Our perception of objects is far more constant or stable than our retinal images

Answer 53

Perceptual constancy

Question 54

is Perceptual Constancy bottom-up or top-down?

Answer 54

Top-down

Question 55

Perceiving someone walking away is an example of...

Answer 55

Size constancy

Question 56

Perceiving a door closing is...

Answer 56

Shape constancy

Question 57

Wrong interpretations of physical reality

Answer 57

Perceptual illusions

Question 58

In the US, when we look at the stair illusion we see stairs going UP. Why?

Answer 58

Because we are left to right readers

Question 59

Sound is ________ energy

Answer 59

Mechanical

Question 60

Sound is cause by...

Answer 60

a vibrating stimulus

Question 61

List the 3 main parts of the ear

Answer 61

Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear

Question 62

in the outer ear, sound funnels from ____ to eardrum.

Answer 62

pinna

Question 63

In the ______ ear, Malleus, incus, and stapes bones vibrate

Answer 63

Middle

Question 64

In the inner ear, Vibrations are sent to the ______

Answer 64

Cochlea

Question 65

Sensing of pain is called...

Answer 65

nociception

Question 66

Weber's law gives us...

Answer 66

the proportion for determining the just noticeable difference

Question 67

absolute threshold is determined by...

Answer 67

a signal detected greater than chance guessing

Question 68

what are the pairs of opponent-processing colors

Answer 68

black/white red/green yellow/blue

Question 69

in vision, where does transduction process take place?

Answer 69

Rods and Cones

Question 70

If you want to see a planet in the night sky, you:

Answer 70

Look off to the side, using the rods in the periphery for the dim object (wrong)