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Psychology > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Translating messages (stimuli) from the environment into neural impulses

A

Sensation

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2
Q

Producing stable interpretations of the sensory input

A

Perception

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3
Q

The field of psychology that focuses on sensation and perception

A

Psychophysics

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4
Q

________ is the basic building blocks of experience

A

sensation

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5
Q

“Bottom-up” processing refers to….

A

sensory processing

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6
Q

______ is our experience of stimuli/ events

A

Perception

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7
Q

“Top-down” processing refers to….

A

perceptual processing

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8
Q

Is sensual processing physical or psychological?

A

Physical

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9
Q

Is perceptual processing physical or psychological?

A

Psychological

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10
Q

What do optical illusions show?

A

They show the difference between sensation and perception

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11
Q

we sense a _______ world
We perceive a _______ world

A

2D
3D

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12
Q

What 3 structuralists were discussed in perception and sensation?

A

Wundt, Fechner, Weber

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13
Q

Who studied sense of taste in 4 elementary tastes?

A

Titchener

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14
Q

Fundamental and innate organizing principles of visual perception:

A

Gestaltists (“form”)

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15
Q

What are the 5 senses?

A

Sight, sound, touch, smell, taste

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16
Q

Stimuli for sight

A

Sight: Vision – electromagnetic energy (wavelengths of light)

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17
Q

Stimuli for sound

A

Hearing – physical (soundwaves through air)

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18
Q

Stimuli for touch

A

Physical – (pressure on receptors in skin produce neural impulse)

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19
Q

Stimuli for smell

A

– Chemical (molecules in air or liquid in nose/ throat)

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20
Q

Stimuli for taste

A

Chemical (molecules stimulate taste receptors on tongue)

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21
Q

From the physical world (stimulus) to the language of the mind (neural impulses)

A

Transduction

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22
Q

__________ allows our brain to manipulate environmental data

A

transduction

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23
Q

What are photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

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24
Q

Vision:
Light -> retina -> _________ -> neuron fires -> optic nerve -> visual cortex

A

Photoreceptors

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25
Q

Hearing:
Sound waves -> cochlea -> ________________ -> neuron fires -> auditory nerve -> auditory cortex

A

basilar membrane hair cells

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26
Q

what does transducing mean?

A

Changing stimuli to neural impulse

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27
Q

what are the 2 types of photoreceptors?

A

Rods & Cones

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28
Q

Photoreceptors are ______ neurons

A

sensory

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29
Q

Which photoreceptors are responsible for color?

A

Cones

30
Q

_________ in photoreceptors chemically react to light

A

photopigments

31
Q

Ganglion Cells have final output in the _______ .

A

Retina

32
Q

The inability to recognize faces is called…

A

prosopagnosia

33
Q

prosopagnosia is…

A

the inability to recognize faces

34
Q

How many types of cones are there?

A

3 different types

35
Q

how does color blindness result?

A

results from having wrong kind of photopigment in cones

36
Q

______ processing is controlled by physical messages delivered to the senses

A

Bottom-up

37
Q

________ processing is controlled by one’s beliefs, expectations about the world

A

Top-down

38
Q

How many Gestalt principles are there?

A

5

39
Q

What are the 5 Gestalt Principles

A

Proximity, Similarity, Good Continuity, Closure, Common Fate

40
Q

Gestalt Principles:

______ refers to distance; closer objects are grouped together

A

Proximity

41
Q

Gestalt Principles:

Features which are similar are associated or grouped together. This is…

A

Similarity

42
Q

Gestalt Principles:

__________ refers to the ability to continue on the same way continuously indefinitely.

A

Good Continuity

43
Q

Gestalt Principles:

Interpretations which produce ‘closed’ rather than ‘open’ figures are favored.

A

Closure

44
Q

Gestalt Principles:

If things appear to be moving in the same direction, we group them together.

A

Common Fate

45
Q

What are the two different categories of depth cues?

A

Monocular and Binocular

46
Q

______ depth cues require input from only one eye

A

Monocular

47
Q

_______ depth cues depend on both eyes

A

Binocular

48
Q

How many types of Binocular Depth Cues are there?

A

Two

49
Q

What are the two types of Binocular Depth Cues?

A

Retinal Disparity & Convergence

50
Q

Depth Cues:

Difference between location of images in each retina

A

Retinal Disparity

51
Q

Depth Cues:

How far the eyes turn inward (converge) to focus on an object

A

Convergence

52
Q

What does PSE stand for?

A

Photosensitive Epilepsy

53
Q

Our perception of objects is far more constant or stable than our retinal images

A

Perceptual constancy

54
Q

is Perceptual Constancy bottom-up or top-down?

A

Top-down

55
Q

Perceiving someone walking away is an example of…

A

Size constancy

56
Q

Perceiving a door closing is…

A

Shape constancy

57
Q

Wrong interpretations of physical reality

A

Perceptual illusions

58
Q

In the US, when we look at the stair illusion we see stairs going UP. Why?

A

Because we are left to right readers

59
Q

Sound is ________ energy

A

Mechanical

60
Q

Sound is cause by…

A

a vibrating stimulus

61
Q

List the 3 main parts of the ear

A

Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear

62
Q

in the outer ear, sound funnels from ____ to eardrum.

A

pinna

63
Q

In the ______ ear, Malleus, incus, and stapes bones vibrate

A

Middle

64
Q

In the inner ear, Vibrations are sent to the ______

A

Cochlea

65
Q

Sensing of pain is called…

A

nociception

66
Q

Weber’s law gives us…

A

the proportion for determining the just noticeable difference

67
Q

absolute threshold is determined by…

A

a signal detected greater than chance guessing

68
Q

what are the pairs of opponent-processing colors

A

black/white
red/green
yellow/blue

69
Q

in vision, where does transduction process take place?

A

Rods and Cones

70
Q

If you want to see a planet in the night sky, you:

A

Look off to the side, using the rods in the periphery for the dim object (wrong)

Psychology (6 decks)

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