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Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Subjective awareness of internal and external events

A

consciousness

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2
Q

internal processes used to set priorities for mental functioning

A

Attention

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3
Q

We shut out everything except what we are paying attention to
Exp: conversation with friend nearby

A

Focused Attention

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4
Q

Fast, effortless processing that requires little
or no focused attention

A

Automaticity

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5
Q

What does “subliminal” mean?

A

Below level of awareness

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6
Q

Tendency to ignore things on one side of the
body (usually left)

A

Visual Neglect

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7
Q

what causes visual neglect?

A

damage to right parietal lobe

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8
Q

reading only one side of a page and dressing one side of body are both symptoms of

A

Visual neglect

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9
Q

damage to the primary visual cortex. As a result, unaware of perceiving stimuli within a restricted area of their visual field

A

Blindsight

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10
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Unable to recognize familiar faces

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11
Q

Distractible, attention shifts preventing completion of tasks are symptoms of…

A

ADHD

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12
Q

Fasting, meditation, psychedelic drugs, dancing, and pain all cause…

A

Altered states of consciousness

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13
Q

Hypnosis is an altered…

A

state of consciousness

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14
Q

Social interaction that produces heightened state of suggestibility in a willing participant

A

Hypnosis

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15
Q

Is hypnosis considered a deep sleep?

A

NO!

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16
Q

“Mesmerism” is a phrase used for

A

hypnosis

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17
Q

Who found hypnosis?

A

Franz Mesmer

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18
Q

What form of altered consciousness is the most common?

A

Sleep!

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19
Q

A periodically occurring reversible state of reduced contact of the organism with the environment

A

Sleep

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20
Q

sleep is characterized by reduced…

A

awareness, control, physical activity, muscle tension

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21
Q

Regular rhythms, patterns, or cycles of sleepiness/wakefulness

A

circadian Rhythms

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22
Q

How long are Circadian Rhythms/ cycles

A

A bit longer than 24 hours

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23
Q

Circadian Rhythm minicycle times are…

A

every 12 hours (1-4 am, 1-4 pm)

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24
Q

the 3 environmental factors for circadian rhythms are:

A

Light
temperature
social environment

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25
Q

What’s the world record for no sleep?

A

11 days

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26
Q

When sleep deprived, when do hallucination start?

A

at about day 4

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27
Q

What are the 2 hypotheses about the function of sleep?

A

System maintenance
survival value

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28
Q

is System Maintenance adaptive or restorative?

A

Restorative

29
Q

Is survival Value adaptive or restorative?

A

adaptive

30
Q

“Down time” helps repair normal wear and tear on body and brain

This is a definition of…

A

System maintenance

31
Q

-Sleep removes the organism form a hostile environment
-short sleepers need more food, longer sleepers eat more protein

this is an example of…

A

Survival value

32
Q

how many sleep stages do we cycle through

A

4 stages

33
Q

how many times do we go through all the sleep cycles per night?

How long per cycle?

A

4-5 times per night
~90 min per cycle

34
Q

When does REM normally begin?

A

~ 70-90 min into cycle

35
Q

_____ dominates later sleep cycle stages, especially right before waking

A

REM

36
Q

Most people awakened during REM report _____

A

dreaming

37
Q
  • Increased heart rate, respiration
  • rolling eye movement
  • twitching
  • Skeletal muscle paralysis
  • EEG similar to waking state
  • Physiological signs of sexual arousal

these are all physiological changes in….

A

REM

38
Q

Sleep walking, nightmares, etc DO or DO NOT happen in REM

A

DO NOT

39
Q

Define the Activation-synthesis hypothesis

A

Brain’s attempt to make sense of random patterns of neural activity

40
Q

Explain Higher-order functions/problem solving:

A

Practice responses to threats from environment; simulations, prospective function

41
Q

Manifest and Latent content cam from who?

A

Freud

42
Q

Explain the difference between Manifest and Latent content.

A

Manifest: specific; what’s happening in the dream

Latent: what the symbols in a dream actually mean

43
Q

Frightening, anxiety-arousing dreams that occur primarily during REM sleep

A

Nightmares

44
Q

Where do nightmares primarily occur?

A

REM sleep

45
Q

Sleeper appears to be in an extreme state of panic or fear

A

Night terror

46
Q

Sleeper rises during sleep and wanders about

A

sleepwalking

47
Q

When do night terrors typically occur?

A

Non-REM stages

48
Q

When does sleepwalking typically occur?

A

Non-REM stages

49
Q

You wake up paralyzed! Can’t move arms or legs!

How can you explain this?

A

You woke up in REM sleep. In REM, your skeletal muscles are paralyzed. You wait for your body to catch up with your consciousness.

50
Q

In your dream, you can’t move, or can only move in slow motion.

How can you explain this?

A

You are close to consciousness from waking, but can’t move your muscles due to paralysis in REM sleep.

51
Q

You suddenly jerk awake, or dream you are falling, and wake up suddenly

How can you explain this?

A

Muscular jerks while asleep- Jump-start signal your brain sends to wake your body up, when it thinks that it is falling from lack of stimulus for deep sleep, or fast fall in breathing and heart-rate seem like you are dying.

52
Q

What is Hypnic Myoclonia?

A

Muscular jerk while asleep

This is what happens when you jerk yourself awake

53
Q

Drugs that affect behavior and mental processes through alterations of conscious awareness

A

psychoactive drugs

54
Q

How do psychoactive drugs work?

A

Work mainly by changing communication channels of neurons

55
Q

What are two things that can happen with repeated use of psychoactive drugs?

A

Tolerance and Drug dependancy

56
Q

When your body adapts to compensate for continued use, such that increasing amounts are needed to produce the same effects.

A

Tolerance

57
Q

Building up a tolerance to psychoactive drugs can lead to…

A

Long term depression, anhedonia

58
Q

Condition in which an individual experiences physical or psychological need for the drug

A

drug dependency

59
Q

Drug dependency with psychoactive drugs can lead to…

A

Psychological dependency: may result in withdrawal

60
Q

What is drug withdrawal

A

Physical reactions when a person stops taking a drug

61
Q

What are the 4 main categories of psychoactive drugs?

A

Depressants
Stimulants
opiates/ opioids
Hallucinogens

62
Q

Psychoactive drugs that slow the activity of the central nervous system (CNS)

A

Depressants

63
Q

Psychoactive drugs that increase activity of the CNA

A

Stimulants

64
Q

Psychoactive drugs that depress CNS activity, reduce pain, and produce euphoria

A

Opiates/ Opioids

65
Q

Psychoactive drugs that affect perception, distort reality

A

Hallucinogens

66
Q

Ethyl alcohol; barbiturates, tranquilizers

these are examples of what type of psychoactive drug?

A

Depressants

67
Q

Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy)

These are example of what type of psychoactive drugs?

A

Stimulants

68
Q

Opium, heroin, morphine; codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone

these are examples of what type of psychoactive drugs?

A

Opiates/ Opioids

69
Q

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, marijuana

these are examples of what type of psychoactive drugs?

A

Hallucinogens

Psychology (6 decks)

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