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Oral Histology- final > sensation- oral mucosa > Flashcards

sensation- oral mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

the body of the tongue arises from what?

A

brachial arch 1

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2
Q

the root of the tongue arises from what?

A

brachial arch 3

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3
Q

the tongue’s epithelium is mostly _______

A

keratinized

except key locations

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4
Q

t/f: the lamina propria of the tongue is firm due to keratinization of the epithelium

A

false- the lamina propria is flexible

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5
Q

the epithelium of the tongue has no _______

A

submucosa

lamina propria attaches directly to tongue muscles

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6
Q

papillae of the tongue serve what functions?

A

A) taste buds

B) somatosensory

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7
Q

which cranial nerves receive taste information?

A

CN 7, 9, 10

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8
Q

touch sensation to the oral mucosa is received by what nerve fibers?

A

A-beta (and A-delta) fibers

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9
Q

warming sensation to the oral mucosa is received by what nerve fibers?

A

C fibers

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10
Q

cooling sensation to the oral mucosa is received by what nerve fibers?

A

A-delta fibers

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11
Q

pain sensation to the oral mucosa is received by what nerve fibers?

A

A-delta & C fibers

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12
Q

which cranial nerve supplies the anterior mouth?

A

CN 7

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13
Q

which cranial nerve supplies the posterior tongue & pharynx?

A

CN 9

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14
Q

somatosensory receptors of the oral mucous membranes are a _____ of those found in other skin. what fibers make up these?

A

subset of those found in other skin

  • large fibers (A-beta): touch
  • Smaller fibers (A-delta, C fibers): thermal & pain
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15
Q

which of the somatosensory receptor fibers are bare nerves?

A

A-delta & C fibers

pain & thermal= bare

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16
Q

what are the 2 A-beta nerve fiber endings responsible for touch reception?

A

Merkel’s receptors & Meissner’s corpuscles

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17
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles: overview

A
  • Large axons
  • terminate in SUPERFICIAL LAMINA PROPRIA
    (between rate pegs)
  • complexes of nerve endings coated in non-neuronal cells
  • transmit DYNAMIC (changing) forces
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18
Q

Merkel receptors: overview

A
  • large axons
  • fibers terminate at APICES OF RETE PEGS
  • complexes of nerve endings & specialized “merkel epithelial cells”
  • merkel cells “enfold” nerve endings (not cushion like meissner)
  • transmit STATIC forces (slowly adapt, but keep firing under constant pressure)
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19
Q

T/F: both merkel & meissner receptors have a low threshold for firing

A

true

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20
Q

which receptor will respond to a quick touch stimulus?

A

Meissner’s corpuscle receptor

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21
Q

why can Merkel’s and Meissner’s receptors not signal for painful sensations?

A

their dynamic range does not extend to the noxious level

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22
Q

which populations of fibers code for painful sensations?

A
  • free nerve endings
  • can end in lamina propria or epithelium
  • A-DELTA or C fibers= pain
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23
Q

what else can the nociceptors respond to?

A

chemical & thermal signals

hot food and hot coffee

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24
Q

separate _________ fibers respond to innocuous cooling

A

A-delta (pain/thermal fibers)

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25
separate _______ respond to innocuous warming
C fibers (pain/thermal fibers)
26
what are the 5 classes of taste stimuli?
1) sugars 2) amino acids 3) salts (esp sodium) 4) acids 5) varied substances…. bitter
27
what is the general structure of a taste bud?
- taste pore - epithelium - microvilli - taste cell - nerve fiber
28
taste bud: overview
- goblet shaped cluster of cells - basal lamina to surface - microvilli extend into taste pore…. have receptors - primary afferents at base- some bud cells make synapses with these fibers
29
how many taste buds do adults have? how are they distributed?
about 8,000 buds Most (68%) on tongue around 27% on pharynx/larynx only 5% found on soft palate
30
what are the 3 types of taste buds?
Circumvallate papillae fungiform papillae foliate papillae
31
Fungiform papillae: where are they found? what innervates them?
- found on dorsal tongue (Brachial arch 1) - innervated by CHORDA TYMPANI branch of CN 7 (BA 2) - makes up about 1,600 buds - most numerous at the tip of tongue (taste food as it enters mouth)
32
Fungiform papillae are located among more numerous ___________
filiform papillae
33
what do filiform papillae not contain?
taste buds
34
taste buds are located on the ________ surface of fungiform papillae
dorsal
35
filiform papillae: shape, innervation
- spine-shaped & heavily keratinized | - innervated ONLY by somatosensory fibers
36
Foliate papillae: overview
- 2 to 9 parallel folds - about 1,300 taste buds - innervation: CN 9 (Brachial arch 3) - lateral aspect of the posterior tongue (anterior to circumvallate papillae) - monitor food during chewing
37
foliate taste buds are located in _______. what are they closely associated with?
trenches (many buds/foliate per trench) *closely associated with Von Ebner (salivary) glands
38
circumvallate papillae: overview
- 8-10 papillae, about 2,400 buds - central connective tissue core surrounded by trench - arranged in a "V" shape on the very back of the anterior tongue - monitors food just before swallowing - still from brachial arch 3 (supplied by CN 9)
39
T/F: like the fungiform papillae, the taste buds of circumvallate papillae are located on the dorsal surface
FALSE fungiform= dorsal surface circumvallate= in the trench surrounding the papillae
40
circumvallate papillae are associated with what structure? what other papillae shares this?
closely related with Von Ebner's glands | just like foliate papillae
41
T/F: taste papillae are generally functionally redundant
true
42
what is special about the taste buds found on the larynx?
they primarily respond to deviations from tonicity | -send signals to protect the airway
43
a single fungiform papillae can usually detect ___________
more than one taste "quality"
44
the functional redundancy of the taste system makes it resilient to what?
the partial loss of taste (such as a lesion of the chorda tympani nerve)
45
taste stimuli are undetectable on the side of the tongue ______ to anesthesia
ipsilateral
46
perceptual effects of damage of a single taste nerve can be clearly detected with ___________
specific spatial testing
47
T/F: the number of taste papillae varies greatly between individuals, and greatly declines with age
False the # of papillae is greatly varied, but the number of papillae only slightly declines with age
48
what factor is mainly responsible for the loss of taste sensitivity in older individuals?
loss of olfactory abilities
49
there is a marked individual difference in the ability of individuals to taste the bitter compound ___________
phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
50
the ability to taste PTC is an _________
inherited trait
51
what is a taste receptor for bitterness?
tas2r
52
tas2r, along with other bitter receptors, is a __________ receptor
g-protein coupled
53
substituting 2 amino acids in the tas2r gene will lead to what?
inability to taste PTC (the bitter compound
54
certain vegetables taste significantly more bitter to people who are homozygous for the PTC-sensitive form of what?
the tas2r gene
55
T/F: homozygous carriers of the PTC-sensitive tas2r gene show an elevated sensitivity for all bitter vegetables
FALSE vegetables containing GLUCOSINOLATES will not be any more/less bitter for the carriers of the tas2r PTC sensitive receptor (only vegetables with the THIOUREA MOETY trigger the tas2r carriers)
56
differences in the ___________ determine the number of copies of the "sweet" receptor
promotor region
57
what are other factors can influence an individuals taste sensitivity/preference?
other genetic & environmental factors
58
what are the cell types of a taste bud?
1) perigemmal cells 2) basal cells 3) elongated cells
59
perigemmal cells of taste buds:
- lateral aspect of the taste bud - no synapses or microvilli - may support or be involved in renewal
60
what are the cells of the taste bud responsible for renewal?
basal cells - epithelial basal cells - base of the bud
61
elongated cells are the ________ of a taste bud
center
62
type 1 elongated cells
stain for glial markers- supportive cell no synapses respond to "salt" taste
63
what do light elongated cells of taste buds do?
- express receptors for taste substances | - respond to taste stimuli
64
what are the 2 types of light elongated cells? what are they each sensitive to? do they synapse?
Type 3 (light) - sense sour tastes - synapse with primary afferent nerves Type 2 (light) - sense bitter, sweet, amino acid tastes - DO NOT synapse with afferent nerve
65
how do type 2 & 3 light elongated cells communicate with afferent taste nerves?
they use ATP -type 3 cells use classic synapses
66
how does type 2 light cell communicate with an afferent taste nerve?
releases ATP without the aid of a typical synapse
67
K19 (a keratin gene) is expressed in what type of taste bud cells?
types 1, 2 and 3
68
the production of K19 is similar to what other epithelia?
the basal layer of non-keratinized epithelia
69
Development: | when does the tongue appear? the lingual papillae? the taste buds? the taste pores?
tongue- EW 4 lingual papillae- EW 8 Taste buds- EW 8 taste pores- EW 12
70
T/F: natural taste preference can be altered by experience.
true
71
the study utilizing the infant formulas Enfamil & Nutramigen proved what?
eventually, the baby will learn to like the inherently unpleasant (nutramigen) formula. proves our natural taste preferences can be altered

Oral Histology- final (4 decks)

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