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Oral Histology- final > salivary glands 2 > Flashcards

salivary glands 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what similarities do serous, mucous, and mixed all share?

A

A) comprised of a cluster of acinar cells surrounding a central lumen

B) spaces between cells (inter-cellular spaces) and the cells are also joined by tight junctions

C) tight junctions and intercelluar spaces allow the passage of water and small ions but restrict the passage of larger molecules

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2
Q

T/F: the end of the acinar cell that faces the lumen contains secretory granules

A

true

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3
Q

Surrounding the acinar cells is another type of cell called a __________ cell

A

myoepithelial cell

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4
Q

what surrounds the myoepithelial cell? (the final layer of the end piece)

A

basal lamina

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5
Q

Serous (acinar) cells: what are their basic characteristics?

A
  • pyramidal shape
  • short, irregular microvilli
  • protein secreting (but NOT large amounts of mucin)
  • well defined protein machinery (rER, Golgi, secretory granules, lumen)
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6
Q

mucous cell- basic characteristics

A
  • cuboidal shape
  • oval nuclei pressed toward base (toward basal lamina)
  • arranged in tubules around a central lumen
  • secrete mucins
  • secretory granules are pale staining
  • mucous granules occupy most of apical cell facing the lumen
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7
Q

what are serous demilune?

A

serous cells that lay on top of mucous cells
-they are found next to the basal lamina & nucleus of the mucous acini cells

** this arrangement may be caused by fixation techniques and not normally found in living tissue. when freeze dried, the mucous cell’s nucleus is not compressed, and the serous cells are next to (not on top of) the mucous cells

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8
Q

which type of cell is associated with both serous and mucous acini, as well as with the intercalated ducts?

A

myoepithelial cells

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9
Q

a myoepithelial cell is a specialized _________ cell with _________ properties

A

specialized epithelial cell with contractile properties

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10
Q

what is the role of myoepithelial cells?

A

facilitate movement of saliva into the ductal system

-they are under neural control

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11
Q

myoepithelial cells have many _________ that wraps around the multiple secretory cells that make up the acinus

A

processes

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of ducts associated with salivary glands?

A

1) intercalated
2) striated (secretory)
3) excretory (collecting)

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13
Q

major salivary glands contain which types of ducts?

A

all 3 major types

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14
Q

In the major glands the acini open into the _________

A

intercalated ducts

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15
Q

where do intercalated ducts empty into? (in major glands)

A

striated ducts

-from the striated ducts, they go to the excretory ducts

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16
Q

where do the excretory ducts empty into?

A

the oral cavity

17
Q

what is the major difference between major and minor salivary duct drainage?

A
  • In the minor gland, intercalated ducts are sometimes observed, striated ducts are not present
  • in minor ducts, the acinus empties directly into an excretory duct
  • unlike the major glands there are many, many excretory ducts associated with a given minor gland
18
Q

intercalated duct: basic characteristics

A
  • smallest ducts
  • several acini drain into intercalated ducts
  • short duct length
  • cells are cuboidal with central nucleus
  • secrete a few antimicrobial proteins

*Note how much larger the lumen is in the intercalated ducts than the lumen is in the acini (easy way to distinguish)

19
Q

striated ducts: its functions

A
  • longer, more active duct (than intercalated)
  • SITE OF REABSORPTION….. converts isotonic saliva to hypotonic (requires ATP)
  • SITE OF SECRETION- proteins & bicarbonates
20
Q

striated ducts: basic shape/characteristics

A
  • columnar
  • highly polarized
  • short microvilli
  • **numerous foldings on basolateral membrane
  • prominent mitochondria
21
Q

what is the pathway for reabsorption in striated ducts?

A

the sodium and chloride ions in the primary secretion of the lumen get taken up at the apical end of the striated duct cell, then are transported through the cell to its *basal aspect where they pass to capillaries

22
Q

T/F: excretory ducts are a series of connecting ducts that become progressively wider

A

true

23
Q

how does the cell type of excretory ducts change?

A

changes from single epithelial layer to pseudostratified epithelium

-sometimes the final part of the duct becomes stratified & keratinized

24
Q

what is the primary purpose of excretory ducts?

A

carrying the saliva to the oral cavity- no notable secretion or reabsorption occurs here

25
Q

T/F: the excretory ducts are often found within connective tissue

A

true

26
Q

excretory ducts are often surrounded by what type of cell?

A

fibroblasts

27
Q

what type of cells are often intermingled within the walls of the excretory ducts?

A

goblet cells

-produce/secrete mucins

28
Q

what do the plasma cells of saliva glands secrete?

A

They secrete antibodies that make their way into the saliva

29
Q

mucous acini are _____ staining and if cut in longitudinal section show a ____ shape

A

pale staining

tubular shape

30
Q

The _________ ducts are somewhat more pale staining that the serous acini. how are they differentiated from serous acini?

A

intercalated ducts

they have centrally-placed nuclei and a larger lumen

31
Q

_________ are associated with the taste-bud bearing foliate and circumvallate papillae of the posterior tongue

A

Von Ebner’s glands

32
Q

there is a loss of salivary __________ during aging

A

salivary parenchyma

33
Q

hyposalivation correspond to at least a _______ reduction from normal levels

A

2/3rds

34
Q

define “xerostomia”

A

the unpleasant, subjective feeling of dry mouth, pathologic changes in the oral mucosa

35
Q

what are the cause of xerostomia?

A

1) genetics (rare)
2) medications (common)
3) systemic disease
4) head & neck radiotherapy

36
Q

T/F: the impact of radiotherapy on the salivary glands takes place quickly

A

true

37
Q

The initial effect of radiotherapy is due to an effect on gland _______, whereas the later effects are due to ACTUAL _________

A

The initial effect is thought to be due to an effect on gland FUNCTION, whereas the later effects are due to ACTUAL CELL DEATH

38
Q

which type of salivary cells are most effected by radiotherapy?

A

ACINAR cells

39
Q

how is hypo salivation managed?

A

A) frequent dental evaluations
B) artificial saliva
C) salivary stimulants

Oral Histology- final (4 decks)

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