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Oral Histology- final > Mucous membranes > Flashcards

Mucous membranes Flashcards

1
Q

mucous membranes are composed of what 2 tissues?

A

1) epithelium

2) lamina propria (and sometimes submucosa)

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2
Q

what type of immune cells can the oral epithelium produce?

A

beta-definsins

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3
Q

what are the functions of the oral mucosa?

A
  • proteciton
  • ingestion
  • sensory
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4
Q

what type of nerve fibers do Dentin & pulp contain? what do these mainly sense?

A

C, A-delta, A-beta

all sense (mostly) pain

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5
Q

what types of nerve fibers are found in the PDL?

A

C & A-delta: pain sensation

A-beta fibers: proprioceptive

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6
Q

oral mucosal nerve fibers: what types are present, and what do they sense

A

A-beta: touch

A-delta and C fibers: pain

A-delta and C fibers: thermal

A-delta: taste

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7
Q

what types of tissues can make up the “connective tissue” of oral mucosa?

A
  • lamina propria

- submucosa

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8
Q

all oral epithelium is made of _____________ epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

where are the self-renewing cells of oral epithelium found?

A

deep layers

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10
Q

what is the fate of the superficial oral epithelium layers?

A

migrate, mature & slough off at the surface

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11
Q

T/F: the turnover rate for gingival epithelium is faster than junctional epithelium and taste buds

A

FALSE-

Gingiva= 41-57 days

junctional epithelium= 5-10 days

taste buds= 10 days

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12
Q

what are some of the conditions that result from head/neck radiotherapy?

A

1) diffuse mucositis/ulcer

2) extensive ulceration

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13
Q

_________ cells are the most numerous cell type in the oral epithelium

A

keratinocytes

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14
Q

what are the non-keratinocyte cells of the oral epithelium?

A

A) melanocytes- pigment- basal layers

B) langerhans (dendritic) cells- immune- supra-basal layer

C) merkel cells- sensory- basal layer

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15
Q

“clear” cells dramatically revealed by a lack of _________ staining

A

cytokeratin

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16
Q

Melanocytes are found in the _______ layer, and contain pigment packed ________

A

found in basal layer

contain melanosomes (contain melanin)

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17
Q

Langerhan’s cells have a similar appearance to __________, but are found in what layer?

A

similar to melanocytes (in appearance)

found in ***suprabasal layers

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18
Q

what characteristics do keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium share?

A

both have basal layer (cell division) and a prickle cell layer (appearance caused by DESMOSOMES)

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19
Q

which layer is distinct between keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium? what are the differences?

A
  • Superficial layers are different
  • Keratinized has GRANULAR layer, no organelles, dehydrated and is tougher
  • non-keratinized has INTERMEDIATE layer, organelles and is flexible
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20
Q

all keratinocytes contain ________

A

cytokeratins

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21
Q

what do cytokeratins assemble into? what is their role?

A

intermediate filaments- provide skeletal support

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22
Q

what are the 2 major groups of intermediate filaments?

A

Type 1- acidic

Type 2- basic

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23
Q

T/F: each epithelial cell produces at least 2 cytokeratins- one of each type

A

true (at lease 1 acidic & 1 basic)

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24
Q

intermediate filaments are the strongest ________ elements

A

cytoskeletal

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25
Q

cytokeratins also form the intracellular components of ________ and ________

A

desmosomes & hemidesmosomes

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26
Q

Microfilaments are more _______, while microtubules are more ______

A

microfilaments= rigid

microtubules= flexible

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27
Q

mutations in cytokeratins 5/14 leads to what disorder?

A

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EB simplex)

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28
Q

what layer of oral epithelium does EB simplex effect?

A

basal layer

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29
Q

T/F: different epithelial layers contain characteristic cytokeratins

A

true

30
Q

mutations in cytokeratin genes can produce regionally-specific disease, such as ________

A

white sponge nevus

  • autosomal DOMINANT disorder
  • affects oral non-keratinized epithelium
  • soft, white, spongy plaques form
31
Q

____________ epithelium is tougher, and less permeable (more impermeable)

A

keratinized

32
Q

cytokeratin in keratinized epithelium has fibers that come together into _______

A

tonofibrils

-shows up as granules (not seen in non-keratinized)

33
Q

tonofibrils promote _______, while ________ permits binding with fillagrin

A

tonofibrils- aggregation

keratohyalin granules- binding w/ fillagrin

34
Q

membrane coating granules are maembrane-bound organelles filled with what?

A

glycolipids

35
Q

where do membrane coating granules first appear? where are they released?

A

1st appear- upper prickle cell layer

release in more superficial layers to coat cell

36
Q

in what type of epithelium are membrane coating granules found?

A

occur in BOTH keratinized & non-keratinized epithelia

37
Q

what is the function of membrane coating granules? what does the difference in chemical composition create?

A

function= serve as an INTERcellular (between cells) barrier to aqueous substances

different chem composition causes a more effective barrier in keratinized epithelium

38
Q

membrane thickening is caused by the inner face of keratinocytes in upper layers of what?

A

both non-keratinized & keratinized epithelium

39
Q

where is membrane thickening much more pronounced? what causes this?

A

more pronounced in keratinized epithelium

-cornified envelope in keratinized epi

40
Q

what is the cornfield envelope?

A

a cross-linked protein sheath
-made of LORICRIN & other proteins

(membrane thickening)

41
Q

differences in membrane thickening causes a greater _______________ in keratinized epithelium

A

greater effective paracellular permeability barrier

42
Q

keratinohyalin granules appear as what?

A

dark stained cells near surface of keratinized epithelium

-these are filled with fillagrin

43
Q

parakeratinized gingiva still has _______ in its superficial layer

A

nuclei

44
Q

what is parakeratinized gingiva associated with?

A

inflamed gingiva

45
Q

most of the volume of the lamina propria is occupied by _________

A

ECM

extracellular matrix

46
Q

what types of cells are present in the lamina propria?

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, other inflammatory cels

47
Q

what is the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lamina propria made of?

A

A) ELASTIN
B) colagen (types 1 & 3)
C) gylycoproteins (fibronectin)

48
Q

the relative amount of types 1 to type 3 collagen is greater for ________ regions of the oral cavity

A

less flexible

49
Q

hard tissues contain _______ collagen, while softer tissues contain more ______ collagen

A

rigid/hard= type 1

soft/loose= type 3

50
Q

elastin is more prominent in oral mucosa than in _____ or _____

A

pulp or PDL

51
Q

the basal lamina is convoluted, leading to what structures?

A

rete pegs (epithelium) and connective tissue papillae (lamina propria/connective tissue)

52
Q

what are the 2 layers of the lamina propria?

A

papillary layer

reticular layer

53
Q

long, thin rate pegs are often found in the ______

A

gingiva

54
Q

what causes “Stippling” of the gingiva?

A

underlying rete pegs and connective tissue papillae

55
Q

what does the submucosa contain? what does it separate?

A
  • contains larger blood vessels & nerves that supply LP
  • glands

-separates lamina propria from bone & muscle

56
Q

give examples of mucoperiosteum

A
  • gingiva
  • hard palate next to gingiva
  • rugae region
  • median raphe
57
Q

what are the 3 specializations of the oral mucosa

A

1) lining
2) masticatory
3) specialized

58
Q

lining mucosa: characteristics

A
  • non-keratinized epithelium
  • lamina propria has fewer collagen fibers, more elastic fibers
  • submucosa usually present
  • short, broad connective tissue papillae & rate pegs
59
Q

what are the 3 regions of the lip?

A

exterior skin, vermillion zone, labial mucosa

60
Q

exterior skin of lip region:

A
  • keratinized
  • thinnest of lip epithelium
  • sweat glands & hair follicles
61
Q

vermillion zone of lip:

A
  • keratinized
  • thin
  • blood vessels close to surface
  • NO sweat or mucous glands
62
Q

labial mucosa of lip

A
  • non keratinized
  • thicker
  • mucous glands
63
Q

masticatory mucosa: overview

A

-keratinized (or parakeratinized during inflammation)
- dense lamina propria…. more collagen fibers
- many long, thin connective tissue papillae
- submucosa
A) variably present in hard palate
B) not in gingiva- mucoperiosteum (more rigid)

64
Q

sulcar epithelium:

A

part of free gingiva which faces tooth

generally non-keratinized

65
Q

Junctional epithelium:

A
  • forms SEAL WITH HARD TOOTH TISSUE
  • oriented along long axis of tooth
  • HIGHLY PERMEABLE
  • 2 basal lamina
66
Q

what are the 2 basal lamina of junctional epithelium?

A

1) external- JE/lamina propria

2) internal- JE/tooth

67
Q

what makes up the anchoring fibrils of the basal lamina of junctional epithelium?

A

type 7 collagen linking to a network of type 4 collagen

68
Q

what is missing in the internal basal lamina of the junctional epithelium that is present in the external BL?

A

Internal BL lacks collagen components

69
Q

in junctional epithelium, collagen components of the basal lamina provide direct connection to what?

A

collagen of lamina propria

(lamina densa & anchoring fibril of BL)

(collagen fibrils of LP)

70
Q

what is the origin of junctional epithelium?

A

Reduced enamel epithelium

71
Q

T/F: due to its specialized nature, junctional epithelium cannot regenerate rapidly

A

False

can regenerate rapidly
will occur around dental implants

72
Q

what is the vascular supply of the gingiva?

A

superior alveolar palatine
inverior alveolar buccal, mental, sublingual

all supply PDL, interdental septa, oral mucosa which can supply the gingiva

Oral Histology- final (4 decks)

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