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PSYC1020 > Sensation II and Classical Conditioning > Flashcards

Sensation II and Classical Conditioning Flashcards

1
Q

where is the primary visual input receiver?

A

occipital cortex back of brain

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2
Q

What is the specific name of this region?

A

V1

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3
Q

What happens with v1 damage?

A

cortical scotoma, complete loss of visual sensation for specific regions, people dont realise because the brain just fills it in.

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4
Q

what are some characteristics of v1

A

v1 encodes for the opposite side left encodes right eye info. hence one v1 on each side too. important for visual processing

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5
Q

what would left damage to v1 cause?

A

loss of visual space to right side and vice versa

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6
Q

what is chromatic flicker

A

light changing from red to green happens fast enough we just see a solid colour (yellow)

v1 responds to the changes without us knowing so some must be subconscious

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7
Q

What happens with v1 removal/damage though?

A

can still perform some visual tasks when blind (navigating). Letter example action dichotomy.

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8
Q

what does signal detection theory do??

A

measures sensitivity to physical conditions under conditions of uncertainty.

its also a recognition of pattern activity that can help differentiate things

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9
Q

what are the criterion people adopt?

A

relaxed (everything even close to being something is that thing)
tight (I need to be extremely sure the thing im thinking is that thing)

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10
Q

What are the two types of rates used to test in signal detection theory?

A

hit rate: when a physical signal is presented

false alarm rate: when a signal isnt presented but they say it is

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11
Q

how do you measure hit rate

A

HR = hits/ hits +misses

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12
Q

how do you measure false alarm rate

A

FAR = FAs/FAs+CRs (correct rejections)

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13
Q

What can HR and FAR help us estimate?

A

Bias: tendency to report a signal

Sensitivity: ability to see a signal or not

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14
Q

How do we work out detection levels?

A

discriminability index (d’)

if HR = FAR, d’ = 0
if HR > FAR, d’ > 0

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15
Q

What would it indicate if someone was missing signals in the SDT test

A

they would be saying there isnt a signal when there was

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16
Q

What is criterion drift?

A

when your stability of a signal is changed due to the unexpected vs expected outcomes

17
Q

what are some practical applications for SDT

A

airport security and fingerprint analysers

18
Q

What is weird about blindsight?

A

people perform above average in tests. Showing that v1 is important in visual awareness.

19
Q

What is functional modularity?

A

there are multiple brain regions analysing information at different locations and times integrating them over time.

20
Q

why do people still functiona little after V1 damage?

A

other pathways can take over older, dormant ones such as v5.

21
Q

What is learning?

A

Modification of behavior or thought through experience

22
Q

What is simple learning?

A

doesn’t tell us how connections between stuff is formed

change in strength of a response due to a stimulus (slug water)

23
Q

What is habituation

A

reduced intensity of reflex response eventual ignoring of reflex (keep blasting slug wont retract gills)

24
Q

sensitisation?

A

more intense response makes the stimulus important (shock vs water jet)

25
Q

what did pavlov do?

A

saliva gland production measuring.

26
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

when a neutral stimulus elicits the same response as another stimulus after being paired together.

USC with CS causes a CR

27
Q

What is higher-order conditioning?

A

chaining together the stimuli food with metronome then metronome with tennis ball (weaker CR)

28
Q

what is acquisition?

A

a conditioned response doesn’t occur instantly, happens over time with repeated pairing. eventual plato.

29
Q

what affects acquisition?

A

time and timing of the responses e.g. CS just before UCS is strongest whereas UCS before CS is weak.

Doesn’t show cause and effect

30
Q

what is exicintion?

A

reduction of CS if not given with USC doesn’t completely go away

31
Q

what is spontaneous recovery?

A

the next day the response could come back never goes away

32
Q

What is generalisation

A

generalisations are when something similar to the CS will cause the same CR as the CS, this is a generalisation.

33
Q

What is discrimination?

A

if the stimulus is dissimilar from the CS it will not cause the CR, this is discrimination of the CS from the new stimulus

34
Q

how do ads use this?

A

they pair feelings and emotions together

35
Q

What happened with watson and little albert?

A

baby had no fear of rats and other animals. then paired a large noise to startle baby causing fear when it saw the animal.

36
Q

how do you fix a phobia?

A

decondition make experience positive e.g. candy when baby saw animal

37
Q

what is disgust and taste aversion?

A

Disgust towards a stimuli can be seen as classical conditioning

e.g. food poisoning after food or biological reasons (poop)

PSYC1020 (7 decks)

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