Methods for Psychology and Neurons and APs Flashcards
What is research and conformation bias?
People often seek out information that confirms their belief.
Expect favoured events minimise expected events.
What benefits do research methodologies have?
More structure and control the more confident we can be about causal relationships.
Can use heaps of methods to make sure.
What is introspection? Why is it bad?
Looking inward at yourself.
Same person can interpret same experience differently but this is still commonly used.
What is Naturalistic observation?
Looking at stuff happen used as like a starting point to see what should happen.
What is case history?
Getting info from something in the past (retroactively) usually from interview, used for providing proof of something happening.
What is self reporting/surveys and why are they bad?
Just a self measure of something, bad because they’re bias people could respond in how they want other people to seem they would.
What are the types of correlation coefficient?
denoted by r 1+ is positive correlation (upwards slope) -1 is negative (down slope) 0 is random
What can correlation designs produce?
they show that things are correlated not at all that they are causal
What makes a good experimental design?
Causal inference. Nullify all other variables and just try to make the independent variable the only thing that’s changing.
What are three sources of bias?
Sampling bias
Expectation bias
operational definitions
What is sample bias?
When your sample is unrepresentative of the population
What are expectiation effects?
2 types participant expectation bias: placebo, hawthorne (being observed), stereotype threat and demand effects. (use single blind).
then from experimenter: rosenthal effects (pygmalion/golem) wanting to see that they want. (use double blind)
What are the 6 main parts of the neuron?
Dendrites (receive), Cell body, axon hillock, axon with the myelin, axon terminals/synapses.
What does the cell body do?
they’re in all cells
contains nucleus and all structures like dna for function
What do dendrites do?
receive signals from other neurons (unique to neurons)
What does the axon do?
Sends signal from hillock to terminal
one per neuron
has that phat myelin sheath
What does the axon terminal/terminal bouton do?
synapses with other neuron
sends information and neurotransmitters when ap reaches this part
What are glial cells and the three types mentioned
oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath)
Astrocytes (BBB and nutrients)
Microglia (immune system in brain)
What are synapses?
join axon terminals of one neuron to the dendrites of another
presynaptic (body to axon terminal) and postsynaptic (dendrite to cell body)
whats the ions causing resting membrane potential of -70mv
sodium and potassium
whats membrane potential
difference between intracellular and extracellular charges
what are the three important types of ion channels?
sodium potassium pump
voltage dependant ion channels
ligand-gated ion channels
whats the sodium potassium pump?
sodium out (3) k+ in (2) makes the negative resting potential
how do APs work on transmitter release?
synapses from dendrites cause ap change about threshold then release
What are voltage gated ion channels /
opens at threshold lets na+ intracellular, depolarises
summaries what happens during an AP to voltage gated ion channels
start of depol threshold is hit sodium channels open then at the top they close K+ opens (k+ out) and then then close completely after hyperpolarization.
