Sensation I and Neural Integration Flashcards
How developed introspection?
Wilhelm Wundt, germany 1879
knew we saw just what out brain interpreted
What is transduction?
electromagnetic radiation from light turning into electrochemical (neural) signal.
why do we have a blind spot
our photoreceptors are furthest back in the eye and they converge onto the optic nerve through the retina where there arent any photoreceptors
why don’t we notice our blind spots?
our brain fills in the missing information (perceptual filling in)
what is a spandrel and why is it related to the blind spot
just a side effect of a true adaptation fish have their photo receptors pointing out
neon colour spreading?
example where we fill info to think theres a square
what does the motion after effect show
we dont see directly images projected to retina also motion when there isn’t any
perception can result from subconscious processes we cant control
what is colour constancy?
objects reflect red and sunset and blue in midday so the brain has learned to subtract one of these off an image (the dress).
is an impression
whats dualism?
thought that mind and brain were two different things (feelings and such was thought to be coming from the brain).
how does a reflex work?
sensory information to brain tells it to then fire motor neurons
Where and how are neurotransmitters released?
at the synapse because of an AP (depol) released into cleft via vesicles, can be reuptaken. acts on postsynaptic receptors
what do synaptic vesicles do?
store neurotransmitter in the presynaptic vesicle joins wall releases but also reuptakes
what do neurotransmitter receptors do?
gates open on post synaptic side after neurotransmitter binds with it to open ion channels postsynaptically
what is the lock and key of neurotransmitters
transmitter only fits into one site (l-dopa to dopamine)
What is does neurotransmitter re-uptake pumps and enzymes in the cleft do?
reuptake from the synaptic cleft presynaptically
enzymes break down neurotransmitters in the cleft
how do antidepressant drugs work?
SSRIs stops reuptake
MAOI stops enzymatic breakdown of serotonin
how to neurotransmitters work on ligand-gated ion channels?
messenger binds to the ion channel can cause depolarisation or hyperpolarization
What are the two types of channel actions which occur after NTRs bind?
excitatory EPSP (depolarisation) and inhibitory IPSP (hyperpolarisation)
What are graded potentials?
depends on the strength of synapse connection on dendrite. is summation of neg and pos inputs.
what triggers an AP
timing of inputs at the axon hillock
if enough excitatory together it will fire
What is neural intergration
somethings hot the sensory is telling you to put it away but the higher brain is saying no i dont want to drop this hence a summation of inputs.
