Sensation and Reality Flashcards
What are Absolute thresholds for 5 senses
The minimum amount of energy that can be detected 50% of the time
What is subliminal perception
Perception of stimulus below the threshold for conscious recognition
The notion is that we may respond to stimuli that are below our level of awareness
(e.g. quite place can focus more, noisy place unable to focus)
The function of Cones and Rods
Cones (lesser):
Visual receptors for colors and bright light
Rods (more):
Visual receptors for dim light, only produce black and white
What are peripheral vision and Tunnel vision
peripheral vision
- Vision at edges of the visual field; side vision
Tunnel vision:
loss of peripheral vision
What is Trichromatic Theory, Opponent Process Theory, After Image
Trichromatic Theory
- Color vision theory that states we have three cone types: red, green, and blue
What are Color blindness and Color weakness:
Color blindness: Inability to perceive colors; either lacks cones or has malfunctioning cones
Color weakness: Inability to distinguish some colors
Red-green is most common (men more common than women due to sex-linked recessive trait on X Chromosome)
What is Dark Adaptation
Increased retinal sensitivity to light after entering the dark
What is night blindness
blindness under low light condition
What is conduction hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, noise-induced hearing loss
Conduction hearing loss - Poor transfer of sounds from tympanic membrane (eaar drum) to the inner ear (cochlea)
(compensate with an amplifier with hearing aid)
Sensorineural hearing loss - Caused by damage to the hair cells or auditory nerve
(can treated by cochlear implant)
Noise-induced hearing loss - Damage caused by exposing hair cells to excessively loud sounds
How smell works
Lock-and-key theory: Odors are related to shapes of chemicals and molecules. When the odorant fits a receptor type, then we are able to smell the odorant.
What is pheromones
Excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.
Extra:
substances which are secreted to the outside by an individual and received by a second individual of the same species.
What is dysosmia
loss or impairment of sense of smell
What are basic taste sensation
sweet, bitter, salty, sour
What are 4 basic taste sensations
sweet, bitter, salty, sour
List from most sensitive to least sensitive taste
bitter, sour, salt, sweet
