Memory Flashcards
sensory register consist what
Sensory register, visual register and auditory register
Short term memory consist what function?
Working memory
- Mental ‘notepad’ stored visually
Phonetically
- storing information by sound
sensitive to interruption or interference during storage
How Maintaining Short-Term Memory
Rote rehearsal
- Repeating information over and over
Elaborative encoding/rehearsal
- link new information with existing memories and knowledge in long-term memory
Types of Long-Term Memories
Procedural (skilled)
- Long Term memories of conditioned responses and learned skills and can be fully expressed only as actions (e.g. driving)
Declarative (fact)
- Part of LTM that contain factual information
What is Pseudo-memories (false memory)
False memories that a person believes are true or accurate.
What are Subparts of Declarative Memory
Semantic memory and Episode memory
Semantic memory:
Include impersonal facts and everyday knowledge
Episode memory:
Include personal experiences linked with specific times and places
What is serial position effect?
Difficult to recall items in the middle of an ordered list
How Measuring Memory or test the correct memory
Recognition memory
- Where previousle learned material is correctl identified
- can use Distractors which can cause False positive
Distractors: False items included with a correct item
False positive: False sense of recognition that you think is right but is actually wrong
What are Explicit and Implicit memories
Explicit memory: Past experiences that are consciously brought to mind. Recall, recognition, and tests rely on explicit memory
Implicit memory: A memory not known to exist; lies outside of awareness. A memory that is unconsciously retrieved (something you didn’t know you knew) (learn from curiosity, interest, other people experience)
What is curve of forgetting
Show the amount of memory information remembered after varying lengths of time
The longer you wait before revising, the more you will forget
What is State-Depending Learning
When memory retrival is influenced by bodily state at time of learning; if your body state is the same at the time of learning and the time of retrieval, retrieval will be improved
e.g. If Robert is drunk and forgets where his car is parked, it may be easier to recall the location if he gets drunk again!
What are retroactive and Proactive interferences
Retroactive:
New memories interfere with the retrieval of old memories
Proactive:
Prior learning inhibits (interferes with) recall of later learning
What are Repression and Suppression
Repression:
Unconsciously pushing painful, embarrassing, or threatening memories out of awareness/ consciousness
(put unwanted memory away)
Suppression:
Consciously putting something painful or threatening out of mind or trying to keep it from entering awareness
(forget unwanted memory)
What are Retrograde Amnesia, Anterograde Amnesia
Retrograde amnesia: Forgetting events that occurred before an injury or trauma
Anterograde amnesia: Forgetting events that follow an injury or trauma
Consolidation: The process of forming a long-term memory in the brain. This takes time.
What are Flashbulb Memories
Memories created during times of personal tragedy, accident or emotionally significant events
