Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Conversion or transduction of physical, electromagnetic, auditory, and other information from the internal and external environment into electrical signals in the nervous system

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2
Q

Perception

A

Processing of sensory information to make sense of its significance

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3
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Nerves that respond to stimuli and trigger electrical signals

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4
Q

Structures sensory neurons are associated with

A

Sensory Ganglia

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5
Q

Sensory Ganglia

A

Collection of cell bodies outside the central nervous system

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6
Q

Place to which sensory stimuli are transmitted to

A

Projection areas in the brain

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7
Q

Projection Areas

A

Areas in brain that further analyze the stimulus after receipt of sensory stimuli.

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8
Q

Common sensory receptors

A

Photoreceptors, hair cells, nociceptors, thermoreceptors, osmoreceptors, olfactory receptors, and taste receptors

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9
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum signal that causes a change in signal transduction

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10
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Minimum of stimulus energy that is needed to activate a sensory system

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11
Q

Threshold of conscious perception

A

Minimum of stimulus of energy that will create a signal large enough in size and long enough in duration to be brought into awareness

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12
Q

Difference threshold

A

AKA just-noticeable difference: Minimum difference between two stimuli before one can distinguish the difference

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13
Q

Weber’s Law

A

states that the just noticeable difference (JND) is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus and that this proportion is constant over most of the range of stimuli

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14
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

Refers to the effects of nonsensory factors such as experiences, motives and expectations on perception of stimuli.

Allows us to look at response bias.

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15
Q

Adaptation

A

Refers to a decrease in response to a stimulus over time.

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16
Q

Cornea

A

Gathers and filters incoming light

17
Q

Iris

A

Divides the front of the eye into the anterior and posterior chamber

18
Q

Two parts of Iris

A

Dilator and constrictor pupillae, which open and close the pupils

19
Q

Lens

A

Refracts incoming light to focus it on the retina

20
Q

Structure that holds lens in place

A

Suspensory ligaments

21
Q

Structure to which suspensory ligaments are connected

A

Ciliary Muscles

22
Q

Structure that produces aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body

23
Q

Structure through which aqueous humor drains

A

Canal of Schlemm

24
Q

Photo-receptors in Retina

A

Rods and Cones

25
3 Forms of Cones
Detect light in 3 forms (short, medium and long wavelength)
26
Cells to which rods and cones attach
Bipolar Cells
27
Cells to which bipolar cells attach
Ganglion cells
28
Functions of Horizontal and Amacrine cells in the visual system
They integrate signals from ganglionic cells and sharpen the edge of the received signals
29
Liquid that supports the inner eye structures
vitreous
30
Structures that support the outer eye structures
choroid and sclera
31
Visual pathway
Eye, optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, visual radiations, visual cortex
32
Lobes through which visual radiations run through
temporal and parietal
33
Parallel processing
Ability to simultaneously analyze and combine information regarding color, shape and motion
34
Visual structure that detects shape
Parvocellular cells | Has high spatial resolution and low temporal resolution
35
Visual structure that detects motion
Magnocellular cells | High temporal resolution, low spatial resolution