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Behavioral Sciences > Motivation 5 > Flashcards

Motivation 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A 
Definition 
       -Driving force behind actions
Type:
       -1. Extrinsic Motivation
             I. ex. rewards/punishments
       -2. Intrinsic Motivation
            I. ex. interest/enjoyment
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2
Q

Motivation Theories

A
  1. Instinct
  2. Arousal
  3. Drive-Reduction
  4. Need-Based
  5. Incentive
  6. Expectancy-Value
  7. Opponent-Process
  8. Sexual-Motivation
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3
Q

Instinct

A

Automatic, fixed patterns of behaviors displayed in response to stimuli

Ex. Grasp reflex of babies

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4
Q

Instinct Theory of Motivation

A
  1. People:
    I. William James: developer
    II. William McDougal: proponent
  2. Idea:
    I. Human actions and behaviors are driven by 20
    physical & 17 mental instincts
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5
Q

Arousal

A

The physical and psychological state of being awake and reactive to stimuli

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6
Q

Arousal Theory of Motivation

A
  1. Idea
    I. People perform actions to
    A. maintain an optimal level of arousal
    B. increase arousal if lower than the optimal level
    C. decrease arousal if higher than optimal level
    II. A relationship exists b/w level of arousal and
    quality of performance- (Yerkes-Dodson Law)–
    displayed by a U-shaped curve
    III. Optimal level of arousal depends on nature of task
    A. High arousal is appropriate for physically
    enduring activities
    B. Relatively lower arousal level is appropriate for
    highly complex cognitive tasks
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7
Q

Drive

A
  1. Definition:
    An internal tension with a state of discomfort that
    activates a particular set of behaviors
  2. Types:
    I. Primary
    A. ex. Hunger/cold===>inc metabolism to restore
    homeostasis
    II. Secondary
    A. ex. desire for love & achievement
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8
Q

Drive-Reduction Theory

A
  1. Idea
    People engage in behaviors/actions to eliminate their
    uncomfortable internal state of tension
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9
Q

Need

A 
1. Definition: 
         A. A motivator that influences behavior
2. Types: 
        A. Maslow's Pyramid of Needs
                I. Physiological
               II. Safety/security
              III. Belonging & Love
             IV. Self-Esteem
              V. Self-Actualization
        B. Universal Needs
               I. Autonomy
              II. Competence
             III. Relatedness
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10
Q

Range of Physiological Needs

A

The need for

  1. Food
  2. Water
  3. Homeostasis
  4. Excretion
  5. Sex
  6. Sleep
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11
Q

Range of Safety/Security Needs

A

Need for security of

  1. Body
  2. Health
  3. Job
  4. Property
  5. Resources
  6. Family
  7. Morality
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12
Q

Range of Love/Belonging Needs

A

Need for

  1. Friendship
  2. Family
  3. Sexual Intercourse
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13
Q

Range of Self-esteem Needs

A

Need for

  1. Self-esteem
  2. Confidence
  3. Achievement
  4. Other’s respect
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14
Q

Range of Self-Actualization Needs

A

Need for trusting one’s ability in accomplishing difficult tasks, i.e.:

  1. Problem solving
  2. Creativity
  3. Acceptance of facts
  4. Lack of Prejudice
  5. Morality
  6. Spontaneity
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15
Q

Autonomy

A

The ability to be in control of one’s own actions and ideas

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16
Q

Competence

A

The ability to complete and excel at difficult tasks

17
Q

Relatedness

A

The ability to feel accepted and needed in relationships

18
Q

Need-Based Theories

A 
1. Idea
   A. Humans engage in actions and behaviors that 
       satisfy their needs
2. Types
    1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
   2. Self-Determination Theory
19
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory of Motivation

A

One of the need based theories of motivation that explains humans attempt to satisfy their hierarchy of needs, a pyramid with 5 levels, each of which is assigned a level of priority

20
Q

Self-Determination Theory of Motivation

A

A need-based theory of motivation that justifies human’s actions in their attempt to satisfy their universal needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness

21
Q

Incentive Theory of Motivation

A

Behavior is motivated by the desire to earn reward and the desire to avoid punishment

22
Q

Expectancy-Value Theory of Motivation

A

Efforts and actions of an individual are functions of an individual’s expectancy of succeeding in achieving a goal and the individual’s perception of how valuable the goal is

23
Q

Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation

A

Describes the reason behind continuous drug use as development of tolerance and withdrawal mechanism

24
Q

Tolerance

A

Decreased sensitivity to a drug effect or other stimuli overtime

25
Q

Sexual Motivation Theory of Motivation

A 
Idea: 
Human sexuality is influenced by 
1. biological factors 
          A. Hormone Secretion [androgen, estrogen, 
                                                 progesterone]
          B. Smell
2. Cultural/Societal Norms
         A. Type of sexual activity
         B. Appropriate age
         C. Sexual-partner
3. Perception of pleasure
4. Conditioning

Behavioral Sciences (8 decks)

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