Emotion 5

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Natural instinctive state of mind that is associated with one’s circumstances, mood and relationships with others

Question 2

Elements of Emotion

Answer 2

1. Physiological
2. Behavioral
3. Cognitive

Question 3

Physiological Components of an Emotional Response

Answer 3

Changes in:

1. Heart rate
2. Breathing rate
3. Temperature
4. BP

***More pronounced with fear, aggression and embarrassment

Question 4

Behavioral Components of an Emotional Response

Answer 4

1. Gestures
2. Facial Expressions
3. Body Language

Question 5

Cognitive Component of an Emotional Response

Answer 5

Subjective interpretation of the emotional experience

Question 6

Universal Emotions

Answer 6

1. Happiness
2. Sadness
3. Anger
4. Fear
5. Surprise
6. Contempt
7. Disgust

Question 7

Theories of Emotion

Answer 7

1. James Lang
2. Cannon-Bard
   Schachter-Singer

Question 8

James-Lang Theory of Emotions

Answer 8

The subjective experience of emotion becomes possible through physiological, peripheral feedback

ex. car accident raises T, BP, and HR, leading to the subjective experience of anger

Spinal-cord severance leads to diminished emotional response according to this theory*

Question 9

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Answer 9

Exposure to a stimulus sends sensory signals to both prefrontal cortex and sympathetic nervous system simultaneously, enabling both mental and physical perception of emotion before expression of an emotional response.

Therefore, severing peripheral feedback does not reduce the strength of an emotional response.

ex. Feeling afraid after physically perceiving a stimulus and sensing physiological responses triggered by it.

Question 10

Schachter-Sing Theory of Emotion

Answer 10

AKA Two-Factor Theory or Cognitive-Arousal Theory
Idea:
Elevated arousal and particular environmental circumstances encourage the experience of a particular emotion

Question 11

Limbic System

Answer 11

1. DeFinition:
   System Responsible for Emotion, Motivation &
   Learning

Components: 
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Hippocampus
4. Fornix
5. Amygdala
6. Septal nuclei 
& 
7. Parts of the Cerebral Cortex

Question 12

Amygdala

Answer 12

Shape: Small, round structure
Cognitively responsible for:
1. Interpretation of facial expressions
2. Perception of fear
3. Generation of emotional response
4. Attention
5. Formation and retrieval of long-term, implicit,
emotional memories [i.e. remembering emotions
associated with an event in the past when placed in
an envi similar to one that originally yielded such
emotions]

Context
processes the env, detects stimuli & produces emotion

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Location: underneath the thalamus
Functions:
1. Produces and releases neurotransmitters that
dictate emotional response
2. Involved in homeostatic maintenance
3. Serves as a relay station for sensory signals

Question 14

Hippocampus

Answer 14

Location: in medial temporal lobe
Function:
1. Creation and retrieval of long-term, explicit,
emotional memories
2. Identification and interpretation of facial emotional
states
**an ability that improves w/ age is better
developed in females

Question 15

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 15

Main Functions

1. Judgment
2. Personality
3. Decision-making
4. Planning

Responsibility of Specific Regions of PFC
1. Dorsal PFC—>Cognition & Attention
2. Ventromedial PFC—> Decision-making and Emotion-
Control

Question 16

Autonomic NS

Answer 16

Functions:

1. Regulates HR, BR, BP & T in response to type of emotion experienced