Sensation and Perception 1 Flashcards
attention
= ability to preferentially process some parts of a stimulus at the expense of processing of other parts go the stimulus
overt attention
= directly looking at an object
covert attention
looking at one object but attending to another
saccades
when your eyes jump between points in a visual field
fixations
when your eyes stay looking directly at one part of a scene
the binding problem
issue of how objects individuals features are bound to create a coherent percept
how is the binding problem solved
feature integration theory
change blindness
if some parts of a scene change you may not notice a change bc you can only remember a few parts of the scene at once
why is object perception hard
stimulus on the retina is ambiguous
objects can be hidden or blurred
objects can look different from different viewpoints and in different positions
sensation
= elementary processes occur in response to stimuli
perception
= conscious awareness of objects and scenes
Gestalt principles
similarity
proximity
figure ground
symmetry
closure
order
continuation
motion perception helps us
breaks camouflage
attracts attention
segregate objects from the background
akinetopsia
life without motion perception
apparent motion
when a series of stationarity images are presented in succession to give the impression of motion
illusory motion
no real motion occurring
induced motion
a nearby object either affects the perceived motion of a second object or causes the second object to appear to move
colour by physics definition
an electromagnetic radiation with varying wavelengths which give rise to different colours
opaque object
an object hat light cannot pass through
transparent object
an object is determined by the colour it transmits
2 photoreceptor cells
rods
cones
rods
black and white
low lights
cones
colour
not work in low lights
S, M and L cones
monochromatism
only have functioning rods
see everything in shades of grey
how do we perceive depth
occulomotor cues e.g. binocular convergence and accomodation
monocular cues e.g. accomodation, pictorial cues, movement based cues
how do we perceive size
angular size and perceived depth
physical sound definition
a pressure change in the air or medium
sound perceptual definition
the experience we have when we hear
pure tones
when the change in air pressure occurs in a pattern
frequency and sound
the higher the frequency the higher the pitch
amplitude and sound
the greater the amplitude the louder the sound
timbre
when the harmonics were remobved and the pitch doesn’t change but the tone still sounds different e.g. when different instruments play the same note
fundamental frequency
the frequency that all the other frequencies are multiples of
periodic sounds
Musical sounds
aperiodic sounds
sounds that don’t repeat
binaural cues
interaural time differences
interaural level differences
monoaural cues
sounds coming from different elevations bounce off different parts of the pinna before entering the ear canal
