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PSYC10002 > Behavioural Neuroscience > Flashcards

Behavioural Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviour definition

A

= the observable actions of humans

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2
Q

Divisions of the nervous system

A

Nervous
Central - brain and spinal cord
Peripheral - somatic and autonomic ( Enteric, Parasympathetic, sympathetic)

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3
Q

Rostral

A

towards the beak

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4
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail

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5
Q

dorsal

A

towards the back

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6
Q

ventral

A

towards the belly

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7
Q

lateral

A

towards the side

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8
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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9
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the midline

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10
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side of the midline

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11
Q

Forebrain subdivisons

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

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12
Q

mid brain subdivision

A

mesencephalon

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13
Q

hind brain subdivisions

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

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14
Q

telencephalon structures

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system

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15
Q

basal ganglia role

A

controls involuntary movement

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16
Q

limbic system components and role

A

hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and nuclei of the brain
‘emotional circut’

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17
Q

diencephalon components

A

thalamus
hypothalamus

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18
Q

thalamus role

A

relays sensory info to the cerebral cortex

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19
Q

hypothalamus role

A

regulates survival behaviours
controls autonomic and endocrine systems

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20
Q

midbrain components and role

A

controls motor movement, eye movement, auditory and visual processing
tectum

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21
Q

metacephalon components

A

cerebellum
pons

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22
Q

cerebellum role

A

receives sensory info

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23
Q

pons role

A

regulates sleep and arousal

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24
Q

myencephalon component and role

A

medulla oblongata
controls autonomic functions e.g. breathing and HR

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25
Q

primary visual cortex
location
role

A

occipital lobe
recipes sensory info from the retina

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26
Q

parietal love role

A

attention and spatial awareness

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27
Q

temporal lobe role

A

auditory processing and complex visual processing e.g facial recognition

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28
Q

primary auditory cortex
location
role

A

superior part of temporal lobe
processes auditory information

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29
Q

primary somatosensory cortex
location
role

A

between frontal and parietal lobes
receives sensory information from the skin

30
Q

primary motor cortex
location
role

A

precentral gyrus
controls motor movement

31
Q

frontal lobe roles

A

voluntary and controlled behaviour
impulse control and emotional regulation
abstract reasoning and planning
social cognition
language

32
Q

action potential stages

A
  1. resting potential
  2. threshold
  3. depolarisation
  4. refractory period
  5. resting potential
  6. hyperpolarisation
33
Q

threshold

A

Na+ ions flow into cell and if the membrane potential reaches -55mV, action potential is fired

33
Q

resting potenial

A

neuron at -70mV

34
Q

depolarisation

A

K+ channels open and K+ flows out of the cell

35
Q

refractory period

A

Na+ channels close and K+ ions still exit the cell

36
Q

hyperpolarisation

A

as the K+ channels close the membrane becomes more negative until the remains K+ can diffuse away

37
Q

structures of the synapse

A

terminal button
synaptic cleft
pre and post synaptic membrane
synaptic vesicles
microtubule

38
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that are synthesised within the brain/neurons

39
Q

Release of neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicles merge with the presynaptic membrane and the contents are released into the synaptic cleft

40
Q

reuptake of neurotransmitters

A

neurotransmitters are reabsorbed via endosymbiosis and reused by the synapse

41
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters

A

depolarise the postsynaptic cell and increase the likelihood that an action potential will be fired
e.g. glutamate

42
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

hyperpolarise the post synaptic cell and decrease the likelihood that an action potential will be fired
e.g. gabba aminobutyric acid GABA

43
Q

neural integration

A

the combined effect of both EPSP’s and IPSP’s
the neuron will only fire if the excitatory inputs are sufficiently greater than the inhibitory inputs so that the threshold can be reached

44
Q

neuromodulator e.g

A

dopamine
noradrenaline
histamine
serotonin

45
Q

2 drug types

A

antagonists
agonists

46
Q

agonist

A

activate the receptor like the natural compound

47
Q

antagonists

A

block the receptor and prevent the compound from activating it

48
Q

EEG

A

tracks the electrical activity of the brain

49
Q

EEG pros

A

cheap
good temporal resolution
portable
safe

50
Q

EEG cons

A

poor spatial resolution
only detects surface activity

51
Q

electrophysiology

A

record of action potential of a single neuron

52
Q

electrophysiology pros

A

records individual neurons

53
Q

electrophysiology cons

A

invasive high risk of infection
neurons work in networks not isolation

54
Q

MRI

A

magnetic field passes through brain causing H+ ions to align with the magnetic field

55
Q

MRI pros

A

high spatial resolution
can identify specific anatomical structures
functional brain properties

56
Q

MRI cons

A

very expensive
large equipment that requires specialist operation
safety risks

57
Q

fMRI

A

as a brain region uses energy there is a increased blood flow to the area which is measured

58
Q

PET scan

A

uses radioactive substances to visualise glucose metabolism or the neurotransmitter function

59
Q

PET pros

A

can detect chemical in the brain associated with metabolism or function

60
Q

PET cons

A

expensive
low spatial resolution
risks associated with the radioactive substances

61
Q

brain enhancement

A

improvement of healthy function to above or better than normal using drugs or brain stimulation

62
Q

electron brain stimulation

A

reveals precise cortical functions

63
Q

non-invasive EBT

A

used to treat severe depression
electrical stimulation of the brain to cause seizure

64
Q

non-invasive magnetic brain stimulation

A

TMS generates a brei, focal magnetic pulse which activates a small region of cortex
acts as a lesion and temporality disrupts the tissue

65
Q

synaptic plasticity

A

= adaptability of neural connections

66
Q

long term potentiation

A

the strengthening of a synaptic connection due to repeated stimulation

67
Q

what does LTP do

A

increases the chance that th post-synaptic neuron will fire an action potential

68
Q

long term depression

A

the post synaptic neuron becomes less sensitive to the neurotransmitters and decreases its likelihood to fire due to a lack of stimulation

69
Q

neurogenesis

A

generation of new neurons

70
Q

emotion

A

patterns of physiological response ad species-typical behaviour

71
Q

3 components of emotion

A

behavioural
autonomic
hormonal

PSYC10002 (5 decks)

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