Learning and Memory Week 1 Flashcards
Learning Definition
= set of biological, cognitive and social processes through which organisms make meaning from their experiences, producing long-lasting changes in their behaviour, abilities and knowledge
2 Non-associative learning
Sensitisation
Habituation
Sensation
= temporary state of heightened attention and responsivity that accompanies sudden and surprising events
Habituation
the gradual diminishing of attention and responsivity that occurs when a stimulus persists
Conditioning
= learning the associations between stimuli and or between stimuli and behavioural responses
Phases of CC
- Before conditioning
UCS produces UCR
NS does not produce response- During conditioning
NS and UCS produce UCR - After conditioning
CS produces CR
- During conditioning
Classical Conditioning
= learning a predictive relationship between an originally neutral stimulus and a biologically significant event that causes a natural reflex response so that the previously neutral stimulus produces the reflexive response
Stimulus Generalisation
= classically conditioned responses can occur to similar stimuli
Stimulus Discrimination
= only the CS produces the CR
Extinction
= the CS no longer produces a CR due to lack of the UCS being available
Spontaneous Recovery
= when the CR randomly reappears in response to the CS after its apparent extinction
Rapid Requisition
= when you try to learn the CR it would occur much faster
Operant Conditioning
= idea that learning is shaped from a learners history of experiencing rewards and punishments for their actions
Reinforcement
= when a behaviour is reinforced a desirable outcome is the consequence and the behaviour is likely to occur again
Positive Reinforcement
= something pleasant is received to increase the likelihood that the behaviour will occur
Negative Reinforcement
= something negative is removed to increase the likelihood the behaviour will occur
Punishement
= something negative is removed to increase the likelihood the behaviour will occur
Positive Punishment
= an unpleasant stimulus is added
Negative Punishment
= a pleasant stimulus is removed
ABC model
Antecedent = event that precedes a behaviour
Behaviour = voluntary action
Consequence = punishment or reinforcement which impacts the likelihood that the behaviour will occur again.
Skinners Box
Skinner placed a rat in a box and if the rat pressed a lever it would get food as a positive reinforcer
Shaping Behaviour
- Reinforce a high frequency component of the desired behaviour
- Drop this reinforcement so the behaviour comes more variable again
- Await a response that is close to the desired behaviour
- Keep cycling through this process until the desired behaviour is achieved