Learning and Memory Week 1

Question 1

Learning Definition

Answer 1

= set of biological, cognitive and social processes through which organisms make meaning from their experiences, producing long-lasting changes in their behaviour, abilities and knowledge

Question 2

2 Non-associative learning

Answer 2

Sensitisation
Habituation

Question 3

Sensation

Answer 3

= temporary state of heightened attention and responsivity that accompanies sudden and surprising events

Question 4

Habituation

Answer 4

the gradual diminishing of attention and responsivity that occurs when a stimulus persists

Question 5

Conditioning

Answer 5

= learning the associations between stimuli and or between stimuli and behavioural responses

Question 6

Phases of CC

Answer 6

1. Before conditioning
   UCS produces UCR
   NS does not produce response
   
   2. During conditioning
      NS and UCS produce UCR
   3. After conditioning
      CS produces CR

Question 7

Classical Conditioning

Answer 7

= learning a predictive relationship between an originally neutral stimulus and a biologically significant event that causes a natural reflex response so that the previously neutral stimulus produces the reflexive response

Question 8

Stimulus Generalisation

Answer 8

= classically conditioned responses can occur to similar stimuli

Question 9

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 9

= only the CS produces the CR

Question 10

Extinction

Answer 10

= the CS no longer produces a CR due to lack of the UCS being available

Question 11

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 11

= when the CR randomly reappears in response to the CS after its apparent extinction

Question 12

Rapid Requisition

Answer 12

= when you try to learn the CR it would occur much faster

Question 13

Operant Conditioning

Answer 13

= idea that learning is shaped from a learners history of experiencing rewards and punishments for their actions

Question 14

Reinforcement

Answer 14

= when a behaviour is reinforced a desirable outcome is the consequence and the behaviour is likely to occur again

Question 15

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 15

= something pleasant is received to increase the likelihood that the behaviour will occur

Question 16

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 16

= something negative is removed to increase the likelihood the behaviour will occur

Question 17

Punishement

Answer 17

= something negative is removed to increase the likelihood the behaviour will occur

Question 18

Positive Punishment

Answer 18

= an unpleasant stimulus is added

Question 19

Negative Punishment

Answer 19

= a pleasant stimulus is removed

Question 20

ABC model

Answer 20

Antecedent = event that precedes a behaviour
Behaviour = voluntary action
Consequence = punishment or reinforcement which impacts the likelihood that the behaviour will occur again.

Question 21

Skinners Box

Answer 21

Skinner placed a rat in a box and if the rat pressed a lever it would get food as a positive reinforcer

Question 23

Shaping Behaviour

Answer 23

1. Reinforce a high frequency component of the desired behaviour
2. Drop this reinforcement so the behaviour comes more variable again
3. Await a response that is close to the desired behaviour
4. Keep cycling through this process until the desired behaviour is achieved