Learning and Memory 3

Question 1

Short Term Memory

Answer 1

= A temporary store in which we integrate current sensory experience and long-term memory to achieve current goals

Question 2

STM capacity and duration

Answer 2

Capacity = limited 5-9 items
Duration = 15-30 seconds

Question 3

Serial Position effect

Answer 3

Immediate free recall of lists of numbers or words is affected by the position of the items in the studied list

Primacy effect = provides evidence for transfer to long term memory for items that receive more rehearsal
Can be eliminated if rehearsal is prevented by introducing a concurrent task

Recency effect = reflects ability of information still in STM
Can be eliminated by introducing a filled retention interval before recall

Question 4

Working Memory

Answer 4

Discovered that STM is a multi-component system that supports meaningful encoding and active reasoning and problem-solving

Question 5

Baddeleys model of working memory

Answer 5

Phonological loop
= mental workspace for manipulating auditory and verbal information
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
= a temporary store for representations of visual and spatial information such as faces,
Objects, written words and cognitive maps
Episodic buffer
=bringing together sensory information in a multi sensory stream

Question 6

Neural Basis of Baddeleys models

Answer 6

Executive processes = pre-frontal cortex
Phonological loop = left-hemisphere front-temporal love
Visuo-spatial sketchpad = right occipital parietal
Episodic buffer = parietal cortex

Question 7

Long term memory types

Answer 7

Declarative
non-declarative

Question 8

Declarative Memory

Answer 8

= knowing what, where, why and how
2 types = episodic and semantic

Question 9

episodic memory

Answer 9

personally experiences events
where/when memories

Question 10

semantic memory

Answer 10

memory of facts and knowledge about the world and self

Question 11

Hippocampus in LTM

Answer 11

consolidation of declarative information
retrieval of episodic memories

Question 12

non-declarative memory types

Answer 12

Procedural memory
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
non-associative learning

Question 13

procedural memory

Answer 13

learning and memory of motor and cognitive skills

Question 14

amnesia

Answer 14

= deficits in memory caused by brain damage, disease, drug abuse, or psychological trauma

Question 15

retrograde amnesia

Answer 15

= inability to recall information acquired before the brain injury

Question 16

anterograde amnesia

Answer 16

= inability to recall anything since the time of the brain injury
unable to learn new information however can still do procedural learning and conditioning