Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTOLOGY LECTURE > Semi-final (URINARY SYSTEM) > Flashcards

Semi-final (URINARY SYSTEM) Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary system consist of the paired….

A

Kidneys and Ureters
Bladder and Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It produce urine

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transport urine toward the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Temporarily stores urine prior to elimination

A

Urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conducts urine to exterior

A

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 types of Renal Functions

A

Regulatory Functions
Secretory Functions
Excretory Functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Has fluid balance and Acid-base balance

A

Regulatory Functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Has Renin production and Erythropoeitin production

A

Secretory Functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The parechyma of each kidney has:

A

Outer renal cortex
Inner renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A darker stained region with many round corpuscles and tubule cross sections

A

Outer renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

From amino acid metabolism

A

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

From nucleic acid metabolism

A

Uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

From muscle metabolism

A

Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Increases reabsorption of H2O

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Increases reabsorption of Ca+2

A

PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Increases reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Decreases reabsorption of Na+

A

ANP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.

A

renin-angiotensin system or RAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone in the adrenal glands, which causes the renal tubules to retain sodium and water and excrete potassium

A

Angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It is found in the lungs metabolizes angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

A

enzyme known as ACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It causes blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to increase

A

Angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is an aspect of homeostasis in human body in which the amount of water needs to be controlled, through osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.

A

Fluid balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It help maintain the acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorbing bicarbonate from the urine

A

The kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It is lined with transitional epithelium underlined by a collagenous lamina propria

A

urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The lamina propria is lined by a unique stratified epithelium called _______ that is resistant to the potentially deleterious effects of contact with hyper- tonic urine.

A

transitional epithelium or urothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

________of small basal cells resting on a very thin basement membrane

A

A single layer

27
Q

________containing from one to several layers of cuboidal or low columnar cells

A

An intermediate region

28
Q

____________which are highly differentiated to protect the underlying cells against the potentially cytotoxic effects of hypertonic urine

A

superficial layer of large bulbous or elliptical umbrella cells

29
Q

The bladder in an average adult can hold _________

A

400-600 mL of urine

30
Q

with the urge to empty urine appearing at about

A

150-200 ml.

31
Q

The muscularis consists of three poorly delineated layers, collectively called

A

detrusor muscle

32
Q

The mucosa of these organs is lined by the uniquely stratified urothelium or transitional epithelium

A

URETER and URINARY BLADDER

33
Q

A specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

34
Q

It is located near the vascular pole of the glomerulus and its main function is to regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus.

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

35
Q

The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries, called

A

glomerulus

36
Q

surrounded by a double layer of epithelial cells, called

A

glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

37
Q

The inner or visceral layer of the capsule consists of unique and highly modified branching epithelial cells, called

A

podocytes

38
Q

_________are adjacent to and completely invest the glomerular capillaries.

A

podocytes

39
Q

It consists of simple squamous epithelium

A

outer or parietal layer of the glomerular capsule

40
Q

Kidneys each contain 1-4 million functional units (parenchyma) called

A

nephrons or uriniferous tubules.

41
Q

The major divisions of each nephron are:

A

Renal corpuscle
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle (or nephron loop)
Distal tubule

42
Q

consisting of a thick straight part ascending from the loop of Henle back into the cortex and a convoluted part completely in the cortex.

A

Distal tubule

43
Q

It is not part of the nephron.

A

collecting tubule

44
Q

an initial dilated part enclosing a tuft of capillary loops and the site of blood filtration; always located in the cortex;

A

Renal corpuscle

45
Q

A long convoluted part, located entirely in the cortex, with a shorter straight part that enters the medulla;

A

Proximal tubule

46
Q

in the medulla, with a thin descending and a thin ascending limb;

A

Loop of Henle (or nephron loop)

47
Q

Amount

A

1-2 Liters/24 hours

48
Q

PH

A

pH average = 6
Range = 4.6-8

49
Q

Color

A

Straw or amber, Darker means concentrated Should be clear not cloudy

50
Q

Specific gravity

A

1.010 to 1.025 it is a measure of the dissolved material in urine; the lower the value, the more dilute the urine

51
Q

It hasthe greatest effect on the urine pH

A

Diet

52
Q

Each kidney is bean-shaped, with a ______

A

concave hilum

53
Q

Attached to each minor calyx is a

A

renal pyramid

54
Q

The cortex and hilum are covered with a

A

fibrous capsule.

55
Q

The ureter divides and subdivides into several

A

major and minor calyces,

56
Q

consisting mostly of aligned linear tubules and ducts

A

Inner renal medula

57
Q

the renal medulla in human consist of 8-5 conical structures called

A

Renal pyramids

58
Q

All with their bases meeting the cortex (at the corticomedullary junction) and separated from each other by extensions of the cortex called

A

Renal columns

59
Q

The tip of each pyramid

A

Renal papilla

60
Q

A conical region of medulla delimited by extensions of cortex

A

Renal Pyramid

61
Q

It is covered with a fibrous capsule

A

Cortex and Hilum

62
Q

Renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillary called

A

Glomerulus

63
Q

It is surrounded by a double layer of epithelial cells called glomerular capsule

A

Renal corpuscle

HISTOLOGY LECTURE (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions