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HISTOLOGY LECTURE > Midterm (Hematopoietic Development) > Flashcards

Midterm (Hematopoietic Development) Flashcards

1
Q

It is the process of blood cell production that includes cell renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation

A

Hematopoiesis

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2
Q

In humans can be characterized as a select distribution of embryonic cells in specific sites that rapidly change during development

A

Hematopoiesis

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3
Q

It give rise to blood cells

A

Mesoderm

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4
Q

3 types of stages

A
  1. Mesoblastic Stage
  2. Hepatic Stage
  3. Medullary Phase (Myeloid)
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5
Q

19th day of gestation, Yolk sac, Liver, Bone Marrow

A

Mesoblastic Stage

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6
Q

future blood vessels

A

Angioblasts

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7
Q

This is the development of primitive erythroblasts

A

Mesoblastic Stage

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8
Q

3 types of hemoglobin

A

Gower 1
Gower 2
Portland

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9
Q

It occurs intravascularly

A

Portland

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10
Q

4-5 gestational weeks

A

Hepatic Stage

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11
Q

Recognizable clusters of developing erythroblasts, granulocytes, and monocytes

A

Hepatic Stage

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12
Q

In this lymphoid cells start to appear

A

Hepatic Stage

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13
Q

In this the blood is considered as extravascularly

A

Hepatic Stage

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14
Q

It is the major site

A

Liver

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15
Q

It reaches its peak in 3rd month of development

A

Fetal liver

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16
Q

The first fully developed organ; major site for T-cell production (cellular)

A

Thymus

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17
Q

This two produces B cells production of hepatic stage (humoral cell)

A

Kidney and Spleen

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18
Q

Fifth month

A

Medullary Phase

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19
Q

In the developing bone marrow cavity

A

Medullary (Myeloid) Cavity

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20
Q

This cells migrate into core of the bone and differentiate into skeletal and hematopoietic blood cells

A

Mesenchymal cells

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21
Q

The ratio of myeloid to erythroid by 21 weeks of gestation

A

3:1

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22
Q

By the 6th month, this is now the main site

A

Bone marrow

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23
Q

Shaft of the bones =

A

Hematopoietic phase

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24
Q

3 types of Hematopoietic Stem Cell

A
  1. Pleuripotent
  2. Multipotent
  3. Totipotent
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25
Q

It involved in the proliferation and maturation of blood cells

A

Adult Hematopoietic Tissue

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26
Q

Contains developing eythroid, myeloid, megakaryotic and lymphoid cells

A

Bone marrow

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27
Q

Located in the cavities consists of trabecular bone ( like a honey comb)

A

Bone Marrow

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28
Q

Hematopoietically active bone

A

Red marrow

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29
Q

Sternum skull, scapulam vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bones and proximal ends of long bones

A

Red Marrow

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30
Q

Hematopoietically inactive bone

A

Yellow Marrow

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31
Q

In this it contains adipocytes

A

Yellow Marrow

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32
Q

it is due to resorption of cartilage and endostal bone

A

Central Space

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33
Q

in the exterior surfaces of the sinuses and extend long, narrow, branches into the peri vascular space

A

Reticular Cells

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34
Q

has mesh-like network

A

Reticular Cells

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35
Q

in reticular Cells what are the 3 supportive skeletal network

A

Hematopoietic cells
Macrophages
Mast Cells

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36
Q

in what age does adipocytes more abundant

A

2.5-7 y.o

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37
Q

in what age does re active marrow

A

Infancy and early childhood

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38
Q

process replacing the active marrow by the adipose tissue during development

A

Retrogression

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39
Q

bone marrow and thymus

A

Primary Lymphoid Tissue

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40
Q

Where T and B cells are derived

A

Primary Lymphoid Tissue

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41
Q

in this Lymphoid become competent, consists of the spleen and lymph nodes and gut associated Lymphoid tissue

A

Secondary Lymphoid tissue

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42
Q

It composed of extravascular cords

A

Red Marrow

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43
Q

It contain all of the developing blood cell lineages, stem, and progenitor cells, adventitial cells and macrophages

A

Red Marrow

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44
Q

It support for bone marrow

A

Trabeculae

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45
Q

it develop in small clusters adjacent to he outer surfaces of the vascular sinuses which is also found surrounding iron-laden macrophages

A

Normoblast

46
Q

Megakaryocytes

A

Normoblast

47
Q

it is close to the vascular walls of the sinuses and facilitates the release of platelets into the lumen of the sinusoids

A

Normoblast

48
Q

it is adjacent to the layer of adventitial cells (reticular cells)

A

Basement Membrane

49
Q

It is followed by the endothelial cell

A

Basement Membrane

50
Q

Nutrient and periosteal arteries

A

Marrow Circulation

51
Q

It supplies the nutrients and gas requirements of the marrow

A

Marrow Circulation

52
Q

It supplies blood to the artery

A

Nutrients Arteries

53
Q

it coils around the central longitudinal vein

A

Nutrient Arteries

54
Q

2 Types of arteries

A

Nutrient Arteries
Periosteal Arteries

55
Q

it provides the nutrients for the osseous bone and marrow

A

Periosteal Arteries

56
Q

_____ branches that enter the inner lining of the cortical bone (endostum) form

A

Arteriole

57
Q

__________ which connect to Periosteal cappilaries then arteries

A

Sinusoids (endostal beads)

58
Q

Pathway where blood exits form the bone marrow

A

Central Longitudual Vein

59
Q

it originates from endo dermal and mesenchymal tissue

A

Thymus

60
Q

It is populated initially by lymphocytes in the yolk sac and liver

A

Thymus

61
Q

It keeps the thymus attach

A

Desmosome

62
Q

in the Thorax

A

Thymus

63
Q

decreasing in size as the person gets older

A

Atrophy

64
Q

lack of formation of T lymphocytes (if not developed during gestation

A

Thymus Pathophysiology

65
Q

it carry the circulating lumph to the lymph nodes

A

Afferent Lymphatic Vesself

66
Q

Where the Lymph exits from the lymph nodes

A

Efferent Lymphatic Vessels

67
Q

fluid portion of blood that escapes into the connective tissue

A

Lymph

68
Q

Between cortex and medulla

A

Paracortex

69
Q

Contains t cells and macrophages

A

Paracortex

70
Q

Give 1 major function of lymph nodes out of 3

A

-formation of new lymphocytes in from the germinal centers

-processing specific immunoglobulins

-filter particulate matter, debris, and bacteria entering the lymph node via the lymph

71
Q

Inner

A

Medulla

72
Q

Outer

A

Cortex

73
Q

What are the 2 regions of lymph nodes?

A

Cortex and Medulla

74
Q

What is the shaped structure of lymph nodes

A

Bean

75
Q

Organs of the lymphatic system located along the lymphatic capillaries

A

Lymph nodes

76
Q

Enlarged and palpable

A

Splenomegaly

77
Q

Beneficial cases of excessive destruction of RBCs

A

Splenectomy

78
Q

Enlargement of the spleen resulting in some degree of pancytopenia

A

Hypersplenism

79
Q

Most common cause is congestive splenomegaly secondary cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension

A

Hypersplenism

80
Q

Vascular sinusoids and sinuses separated by the cords of Billroth

A

Red Pulp

81
Q

3 types of splenic tissue

A

White pulp
Red pulp
Marginal Zone

82
Q

Surround the white pulp

A

Marginal Zone

83
Q

2 methods for removing senescent RBCs from the circulation

A

Culling and Pitting

84
Q

Cells are phagocytosed with subsequent degration of cell organelles

A

Culling

85
Q

Splenic macrophages remove inclusions or damage surface membrane from the circulating RBC

A

Pitting

86
Q

It is the largest lymphoid organ

A

Spleen

87
Q

Scattered follicles with germinal centers

A

White Pulp

88
Q

White pulp

A

Periateriolar lymphatic sheath

89
Q

A sponge

A

Spleen

90
Q

The graveyard of old blood

A

Spleen

91
Q

It exhibits enzymatic deficiencies that result in the accumulation of the various intermediary porphyrins

A

Porphyrias

92
Q

Deficiency in the enzymes that leads to the next product

A

Porphyrias

93
Q

2 liver deficiencies in the enzymes

A

Severe Hemolytic Anemias
RBC dysplasias

94
Q

Major site of blood cell production during the hepatic stage

A

Second trimester

95
Q

A macrophages, removing cellular and foreign debris from blood

A

Kupffer cells

96
Q

Allows plasma to have direct access to the hepatocytes

A

Epithelial cells

97
Q

For the stem cell differentiation and proliferation

A

Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment

98
Q

It supplies the semifluid matrix

A

Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment

99
Q

Anchor fro developing hematopoietic cells

A

Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment

100
Q

Provides supporting tissue

A

Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment

101
Q

Derived from fibroblast

A

Stromal cells

102
Q

Support and regulation of Hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cell survival and differentiation

A

Stromal cells

103
Q

Broad flat cells that form a single continuos layer along the inner surface of the bone marrow sinus

A

Endothelial cells

104
Q

Large cells with a single fat vacuole

A

Adipocytes

105
Q

It secrete various steroids that influence erythropoiesis

A

Adipocytes

106
Q

Maintain bone integrity

A

Adipocytes

107
Q

Formation of reticular fiber

A

Reticular cells /(fibroblasts)

108
Q

Supports the vascular sinuses and developing hematopoietic cells

A

Reticular cells (fibroblast)

109
Q

3 cytokine production

A

Endothelial cells
Adipocytes
Fibroblast

110
Q

Expressed on the endothelial cells surface and mediate progenitor binding to the stoma

A

Proteoglycan /glycosaminoglycan

HISTOLOGY LECTURE (6 decks)

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