Midterm (Hematopoietic Development) Flashcards
It is the process of blood cell production that includes cell renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation
Hematopoiesis
In humans can be characterized as a select distribution of embryonic cells in specific sites that rapidly change during development
Hematopoiesis
It give rise to blood cells
Mesoderm
3 types of stages
- Mesoblastic Stage
- Hepatic Stage
- Medullary Phase (Myeloid)
19th day of gestation, Yolk sac, Liver, Bone Marrow
Mesoblastic Stage
future blood vessels
Angioblasts
This is the development of primitive erythroblasts
Mesoblastic Stage
3 types of hemoglobin
Gower 1
Gower 2
Portland
It occurs intravascularly
Portland
4-5 gestational weeks
Hepatic Stage
Recognizable clusters of developing erythroblasts, granulocytes, and monocytes
Hepatic Stage
In this lymphoid cells start to appear
Hepatic Stage
In this the blood is considered as extravascularly
Hepatic Stage
It is the major site
Liver
It reaches its peak in 3rd month of development
Fetal liver
The first fully developed organ; major site for T-cell production (cellular)
Thymus
This two produces B cells production of hepatic stage (humoral cell)
Kidney and Spleen
Fifth month
Medullary Phase
In the developing bone marrow cavity
Medullary (Myeloid) Cavity
This cells migrate into core of the bone and differentiate into skeletal and hematopoietic blood cells
Mesenchymal cells
The ratio of myeloid to erythroid by 21 weeks of gestation
3:1
By the 6th month, this is now the main site
Bone marrow
Shaft of the bones =
Hematopoietic phase
3 types of Hematopoietic Stem Cell
- Pleuripotent
- Multipotent
- Totipotent
It involved in the proliferation and maturation of blood cells
Adult Hematopoietic Tissue
Contains developing eythroid, myeloid, megakaryotic and lymphoid cells
Bone marrow
Located in the cavities consists of trabecular bone ( like a honey comb)
Bone Marrow
Hematopoietically active bone
Red marrow
Sternum skull, scapulam vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bones and proximal ends of long bones
Red Marrow
Hematopoietically inactive bone
Yellow Marrow
In this it contains adipocytes
Yellow Marrow
it is due to resorption of cartilage and endostal bone
Central Space
in the exterior surfaces of the sinuses and extend long, narrow, branches into the peri vascular space
Reticular Cells
has mesh-like network
Reticular Cells
in reticular Cells what are the 3 supportive skeletal network
Hematopoietic cells
Macrophages
Mast Cells
in what age does adipocytes more abundant
2.5-7 y.o
in what age does re active marrow
Infancy and early childhood
process replacing the active marrow by the adipose tissue during development
Retrogression
bone marrow and thymus
Primary Lymphoid Tissue
Where T and B cells are derived
Primary Lymphoid Tissue
in this Lymphoid become competent, consists of the spleen and lymph nodes and gut associated Lymphoid tissue
Secondary Lymphoid tissue
It composed of extravascular cords
Red Marrow
It contain all of the developing blood cell lineages, stem, and progenitor cells, adventitial cells and macrophages
Red Marrow
It support for bone marrow
Trabeculae
it develop in small clusters adjacent to he outer surfaces of the vascular sinuses which is also found surrounding iron-laden macrophages
Normoblast
Megakaryocytes
Normoblast
it is close to the vascular walls of the sinuses and facilitates the release of platelets into the lumen of the sinusoids
Normoblast
it is adjacent to the layer of adventitial cells (reticular cells)
Basement Membrane
It is followed by the endothelial cell
Basement Membrane
Nutrient and periosteal arteries
Marrow Circulation
It supplies the nutrients and gas requirements of the marrow
Marrow Circulation
It supplies blood to the artery
Nutrients Arteries
it coils around the central longitudinal vein
Nutrient Arteries
2 Types of arteries
Nutrient Arteries
Periosteal Arteries
it provides the nutrients for the osseous bone and marrow
Periosteal Arteries
_____ branches that enter the inner lining of the cortical bone (endostum) form
Arteriole
__________ which connect to Periosteal cappilaries then arteries
Sinusoids (endostal beads)
Pathway where blood exits form the bone marrow
Central Longitudual Vein
it originates from endo dermal and mesenchymal tissue
Thymus
It is populated initially by lymphocytes in the yolk sac and liver
Thymus
It keeps the thymus attach
Desmosome
in the Thorax
Thymus
decreasing in size as the person gets older
Atrophy
lack of formation of T lymphocytes (if not developed during gestation
Thymus Pathophysiology
it carry the circulating lumph to the lymph nodes
Afferent Lymphatic Vesself
Where the Lymph exits from the lymph nodes
Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
fluid portion of blood that escapes into the connective tissue
Lymph
Between cortex and medulla
Paracortex
Contains t cells and macrophages
Paracortex
Give 1 major function of lymph nodes out of 3
-formation of new lymphocytes in from the germinal centers
-processing specific immunoglobulins
-filter particulate matter, debris, and bacteria entering the lymph node via the lymph
Inner
Medulla
Outer
Cortex
What are the 2 regions of lymph nodes?
Cortex and Medulla
What is the shaped structure of lymph nodes
Bean
Organs of the lymphatic system located along the lymphatic capillaries
Lymph nodes
Enlarged and palpable
Splenomegaly
Beneficial cases of excessive destruction of RBCs
Splenectomy
Enlargement of the spleen resulting in some degree of pancytopenia
Hypersplenism
Most common cause is congestive splenomegaly secondary cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension
Hypersplenism
Vascular sinusoids and sinuses separated by the cords of Billroth
Red Pulp
3 types of splenic tissue
White pulp
Red pulp
Marginal Zone
Surround the white pulp
Marginal Zone
2 methods for removing senescent RBCs from the circulation
Culling and Pitting
Cells are phagocytosed with subsequent degration of cell organelles
Culling
Splenic macrophages remove inclusions or damage surface membrane from the circulating RBC
Pitting
It is the largest lymphoid organ
Spleen
Scattered follicles with germinal centers
White Pulp
White pulp
Periateriolar lymphatic sheath
A sponge
Spleen
The graveyard of old blood
Spleen
It exhibits enzymatic deficiencies that result in the accumulation of the various intermediary porphyrins
Porphyrias
Deficiency in the enzymes that leads to the next product
Porphyrias
2 liver deficiencies in the enzymes
Severe Hemolytic Anemias
RBC dysplasias
Major site of blood cell production during the hepatic stage
Second trimester
A macrophages, removing cellular and foreign debris from blood
Kupffer cells
Allows plasma to have direct access to the hepatocytes
Epithelial cells
For the stem cell differentiation and proliferation
Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment
It supplies the semifluid matrix
Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment
Anchor fro developing hematopoietic cells
Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment
Provides supporting tissue
Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment
Derived from fibroblast
Stromal cells
Support and regulation of Hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cell survival and differentiation
Stromal cells
Broad flat cells that form a single continuos layer along the inner surface of the bone marrow sinus
Endothelial cells
Large cells with a single fat vacuole
Adipocytes
It secrete various steroids that influence erythropoiesis
Adipocytes
Maintain bone integrity
Adipocytes
Formation of reticular fiber
Reticular cells /(fibroblasts)
Supports the vascular sinuses and developing hematopoietic cells
Reticular cells (fibroblast)
3 cytokine production
Endothelial cells
Adipocytes
Fibroblast
Expressed on the endothelial cells surface and mediate progenitor binding to the stoma
Proteoglycan /glycosaminoglycan
