Semi-final Flashcards
Sleep
Blood receding blood vessels in the skin from the interior parts of the body
Suggested function that wine could be ingested rise from the stomach
Aristotle
Interior and exterior parts of the body
Heart
Everything involves at the
Brain
Brain dead
Heart still functions
Through with the discovery of MACHINE
Brain waves
Electroencephalogram
Function of electroencephalogram
EEG
Made it possible for sleep to record the electrical activity of the brain during sleep
Stages of EEG sleep
Each sleep has characteristic brain wave activity
Stage 1- Transition stage Stage 2- Stage 3- Stage 4- Stage 5-
From wakefulness to sleep and is identified and theta waves and last between 1-7 minutes
(Yawning)
Stage 1
EEG recording has shown fast frequency burst of activity (sleep spindles)
Stage 2
Through 4 muscle tension, (heart rate, respiration, and temperature) gradually decline and becomes more difficult to be awakened
Stage 2
Sleep soundly
Stage 2
30 minutes after falling asleep may pass through stage three and stage four, the EEG recording shows delta waves and it is the deepest stage of the sleep
Delta waves- determine how deep is the sleep
Stage 3 and enters stage 4
There is mark Secretion of growth hormone
Stage 4
Determine a a deep sleep person is a ratio between a sleep spindles and number of delta waves
Sleep researchers
Go back to stage 2 and enter
REM sleep
R.E.M.
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
The __ look exactly like the beta waves that are observed when we are completely awake
EEG tracing
Because in __, study show that the neurons in the cerebral cortex become much more active during the stage of R.E.M.
brain imaging
Makes up 20% of our sleep time and during this stage, we experience vivid
R.E.M. sleep
Moves eyes
Dreaming
Trace how deep is our sleep
EEG
We go through sleep cycle 5-6 times during 8 hours of sleep
Plautnik
3 important factors of that determine when we fall asleep
Circadian rhythm
In this case, the sleep wakes cycle set about 25 hour period
Circadian rhythm
Function of Circadian rhythm
Control the rise and fall of physiological responses
Responses
Temperature
Environmental arousal
Sleep deprivation
Function of temperature
Start and stop of responses like going to sleep and waking up
These rhythm is due to some rhythmical activity of the hypothalamus
Temperature
When our body is in state of hyped arousal because of stress, excitement and drugs that increase arousal can interfere with the onset of sleep as well as staying asleep
Can’t sleep or trouble staying asleep
When we are deprived of one sleep we go to sleep sooner but there can sleep longer
Can affect task performance
Sleep deprivation
It was found that the past is boring, the task can’t be boring with only a few hours of sleep
Sleep deprivation
2 theories why we sleep
Repair theory
Adaptive theory
According to the stereoactivity during the day, the deplete
Key factors are replenished and repaired by sleep
Repair theory
These theory makes sense during stage 4 sleep and their mark of secretion of growth hormone, metabolism physical growth and mental development
Repair theory
Sleep evolve because it prevented early humans and animals from wasting energy and exposing themselves to danger of radiators. It was necessary for their survival
Adaptive theory
Experience strong energy
Adaptive theory
People who are deprived sleeping show more than one day show no physical or behavior changes
R.E.M. sleep deprivation
Adaptive theory
However people with R.E.M. sleep deprivation spend more than one day sleep later on they would engage behaviors and have a positive affect
R.E.M. REBOUND
Insomnia 1 year 20 times
Depression
Extrasensory perception
J
Issues about learning
Adapted Change in behavior resulting from experience
Evolutionary terms LEARNING
Knowledge vs wisdom
Kaaalaman from learning
Wisdom is from above- do right that has its reason, justice to know if it’s knowledge from our study, matagal na taglay, common sense
Maturation vs learning
Some behavior change like walking talking and adult sexual behavior- Learning
Required biological development, comes with experiences
Learning
Simple vs complex kinds of learning
Relatively simple forms of learning ex habituation classical and operand conditioning
Learning to talk, calculate, learning to history of civil war
Pavlov’s experiment
Physiology of salivation of dog won the nobel prize, been award kind of learning
Classical condition
Pavlovian Condition
Basic paradigm of Classical conditional of Pavlov
Former neutral stimulus/conditional stimulus and a bell
Unconditioned stimulus that automatically produces a response
Conditioned response
Food
Pavlovian
Conditioned response
Salivation
The bell will illicit a response
Bell, salivation
This learned response to the bell
Conditioned response
Examples of classical conditioning
Learning of flashing of police lights in your rear view mirror
Learning to feel anxiety when you hear the sound of the dentist office
Feeing tender emotion a song when it’s associated with your first romance
Mother breast produce milk when her baby cries
Famous case of little Albert or learning fear
Phobia
Our mind knows what’s wrong or wrong
Must be positive or right
Traditional psychologist believed that __are involuntary responses (heart rate, sweating, eye blinking,) contrast to operand conditioning
Classical conditioning
Evolutionary purpose of classical conditioning
Helps the body prepared itself for expected or unlikely
events
Salivation aids the digestion process
If a painful shock is likely, the body prepares itself for its stressors
Terms in Classical conditioning
Extinction- weakening of the conditioned responses when there’s ceases between conditioned stimulus and Unconditioned stimulus (CS AND US)
Spontaneous recovery- the tendency for conditioned response to reappear after extinction takes place
Generalization- tendency for an animal or person not only to condition the exact conditioned stimulus used during conditioning trials but also conditional response.
Ex: owner bells not only his dog but other dogs
Semantic generalization- kind of generalization which occurs only in people when people learned conditioned responses to words they may generalize to the concepts referred to
Ex: learn prejudice stealing, generalize them by labels
- Generalize responses to words with similar meaning: electric shocks with words “light”
- Use metaphor- not exact word but once you heard, you know
- five fingers- marijuana
- lodi, petmalu, werpa, nosi balasi
-Generalize the response to the objects or concepts that the words refer to
Factors that influence classi
Time delay with CS and US
50-700 milliseconds influenced classical conditioned
N
Time arrangement,
a. Simultaneous backward conditioning- CS occurs after the US has started
b. Forward conditioning- CS comes first, and while it’s still going US follows
c. Trace- CS comes first and after CA stops, US occurs
Contiguity vs Contingecy views of classic
Pavlov’s: CC occurs when the CS and US occurred together in time and space
CC occurs only when the CS provides information when US is occurring
Blocking experiment
Animals first conditioned to blink- UC
1 CS= light and sound for trials
Everything in the environment responds, food needs water, shampoo- CS
US- forced to do it
Response prevention paradigm
Paralyzed muscle
CR- Conditioned response
Animals and People
Biological preparedness and classic
Animal food aversion-
CR: smell and taste visual cues
Unusual case of learning condition can occur on trial
Time delay on CS and US can be longer
Thorndyke’s experiment
Hungry cats locked in a box can be opened only at a latch: experiment
Get better and quicker in escaping with successive trials
Lock in a loop of wire
Law of effect- mechanistic effect on rewards
Operand Condition
Necessary to be rewarded
Thollmans notion of learning
Learn it layout–
Freely roam to Layout
Skinner, view of operand and conditioning
Animals emit behavior freely- operants
Skinner box- lever at the box FOR THE MATURE ANIMALS ONLY
Ex: food reinforcing hungry animal
water reinforcing thirsty
Sex reinforcing sexual
Terms and concepts in operand conditioning
Positive and negative reinforcement - both increase probability response
Presentation of desired stimulus: food and money-
Determination of aversive or unpleasant stimulus: pain and anxiety and electric shocks
Do people drink alcohol and take drugs like cocaine because of positive or negative reinforcement?
Other countries serve it as a medicine, when overdose, breaks normality
Numb the feelings- terminally ill and cancer patients
Normal people- dead
Modern theories of hunger and thirst
Obesity- strongly influenced by genetic factors but clearly plays a role in many cases
Some individuals suffer defects in satiety regulation:
Prader-Willi syndrome
It also involve multiple factors such as the volume of water in the stomach, the body as a whole and in the interior of cells
Thirst
The concept of stress-induced behavior resembles
Hull’s original drive concept
It also resembles popular ideas about motivation held by non-scientists
Motivation involved a vague sorry of pep or energy, generated in response to environmental challenge (stress) and shaped or directed by the situational context
Dominated the psychology of motivation during the late 1930e and 1940s
Hull’s motivational theory
5 categories of emotional quotient (EQ)
- Self- awareness
- Emotional awareness
- Self-confidence - Self-regulation
- self-control
- Trustworthiness
- Conscientiousness
- Adaptability
- Innovation - Motivation
- Achievement
- Commitment
- Initiative
- Optimism - Empathy
- Service Orientation
- Leveraging Diversity
- Developing others
- Political awareness
- Understanding Others - Social skills
- Influence
- Communication
- Leadership
- Change catalyst
- Conflict management
- Building bonds
- Collaboration and Cooperation
- Team capabilities