Preliminary Flashcards by Erika Mari Japor | Brainscape

Q

When our body really needs it

A

Clinical psychology

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Q

Prescribed by doctors

A

Clinical psychology

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Q

A combination of two words namely psychology and biology

A

Psychobiology

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Q

Being focused on human behavior and on the study of living creatures

A

Psychology
Biology
Psychobiology

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Q

Scientific study of the behavior of life

A

Psychobiology

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Q

Diverse question of “What is then the behavior of life?”

A

How did life start?
Where did it start? (What particular niche of the earth?)
How did it evolve?
Where is it heading?

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Q

Suggested that life as a single-called organism face way to multiple cell organism because complex organisms where superior in terms of survival

A

Evolutionary viewpoint

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Q

They suggested the Evolutionary viewpoint

A

Craig Freudenrich Ph.D

Robynne Boyd

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Q

Life as a single-called organism

A

Minimal abilities

Problems

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Q

The single cell organism can find food and ingest it, can move away from irritating environmental factors maybe even learn and habituated to stimuli

A

Minimal abilities

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Q

As a single called for organism, when improvement or focus is given to any one ability

A

Problems

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Q

With many function, too much emphasis on one function causes others to suffer

A

Problems

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Q

The colony

A

A solution

Specialization

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Q

One day you __, are crawling around and run into another __

A

Single cell organism
Amoeba
The colony

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Q

You make a deal. You like to crawl around, it likes to ingest

A

Single cell organism
Amoeba
The colony

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Q

So the two of you team up, form cells or societies and make use of each other’s skills

A

Single cell organism
Amoeba
The colony

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Q

You compensate for its shortcomings and it compensates for yours.

A

Single cell organism
Amoeba
The colony

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Q

Together, you are far more efficient, productive and this, more like to survive and reproduce

A

Single cell organism
Amoeba
The colony

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Q

Soon this specialization begins occurring

A

Some movement
Some sensitivity to environmental stimuli
Others to irritation from environment
Other secretion

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Q

This means a reduction in flexibility of individual cells

A

Specialization

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Q

Each cell becomes dependent on other cells for certain functions while there if an increase in the ability to deal with the environment earn together, there is a decrease in the ability to deal with the environment when cut off from other cells

A

Specialization

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Q

All of this leads to advancements in cell organization and development

A

Specialization

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Q

Now, multi-felled organisms begin to evolve and adapt their environment

A

Specialization

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Q

Basic unit of a nerve cell

A

Neuron

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Q

It had been believed by scientists as the evidence of our evolution from a single felled organism

A

Neuron

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Q

It is a self-sufficient specialized cell in the nervous system that receives, integrates and carries information throughout the body

A

Neuron

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Q

Each receives information, on average from tend of thousands

A

Neuron

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Q

Making it the most complex communications system in creation

A

Neuron

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Q

Network of specialized tissue that controls actions and reactions of the body and it’s adjustment on the environment

A

Nervous system

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Q

Virtually all members of the animal kingdom have at least

A

Rudimentary nervous system

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Q

Show varying degrees of complexity in their nervous system

A

Invertebrate animals

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Q

Their nervous systems reached its greatest complexity

A

Vertebrate animals

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Q

Vertebrate animals

A

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum vertebrata

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Q

In vertebrates, the system has two main divisions

A

Central

Peripheral nervous system

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Q

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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Q

Liked to the central nervous system which with their branches constitutes the __

A

Cranial
Spinal
Automatic nerves

Peripheral nervous system

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Q

Might be compared to a computer and it’s memory banks

A

Brain

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Q

Conducting cable for the computer’s input and output

A

Spinal cord

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Q

Circuit supplying input information to the cable and transmitting the output to muscles and organs

A

Nerves

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Q

The nervous is built up by nerve cells called

A

Neurons

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Q

They are supported and protected by other cells

A

Nervous system

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Q

Of the __ billion or so neurons making up the human nervous system approximately __ are found in the brain

A

200

Half

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Q

From the cell body of a typical neuron extend to on or more outgrowths ()

A

Dendrites

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Q

Threadlike structures that divide and subdivide into even smaller branches

A

Dendrites

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Q

Usually longer structure also stretches from the cell body

A

Axon

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Q

Sometimes branches up along its length but always branches at its microscopic tip

A

Axon

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Q

When the cell body of a neuron is chemically stimulated it generates an impulse that passes from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another

A

Synapse

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Q

The junction between axon and dendrite

A

Synapse

Q

Such impulses carry information throughout the nervous system

A

Electrical impulses

Q

It may pass directly from axon to axon from axon to dendrite or from dendrite to dendrite

A

Electrical impulses

Q

The so called _ in the _\ consists primarily of axons coated with light-colored myelin produced by certain neuroglia cells

A

White matter

Central nervous system

Q

Nerve cell bodies that are not coated with white matter

A

Gray matter

Q

___ that are outside the central nervous system are enclose only in a tubelike neurilemma sheath composed of __

A

Nonmyelinated axons

Schwann cells

Q

Necessary for nerve regeneration

A

Schwann cells

Q

There are regular intervals along peripheral axons where the myelin sheath is interrupted

A

nodes of Ranvier

Q

Points between which nerve impulses in myelinated fibers jump rather than pass continuously along the fiber (as is the case in __)

A

nodes of Ranvier

Q

Transmission of impulses is faster in myelinated nerves varying from about ___

A

3 to 300 ft (1-91 m) per second

Q

There termed nerve fibers

A

Both myelinated and unmyelinated dendrites and axon

Q

Bundle of nerve fibers

A

Nerves

Q

Cluster of nerve cell bodies (__) on a peripheral nerve

A

neurons

Ganglion

Q

Neurons are located in

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral ganglia

Q

Grouped and interconnected ganglia form a

A

Plexus or nerve center

Q

They deliver impulses from receptor terminals in the skin and organs to the central nervous system via the peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory (afferent) nerve fibers

Q

They carry impulses from the central nervous system to effector terminals in muscles and glands via the peripheral system

A

Motor efferent fibers

Q

The peripheral system has 12 pairs of cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abductent
Facial 
Vestibulo-cochlear (formerly acoustic)
Glossipharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal accessory 
Hypoglossal

Q

These have their origin in the brain and primarily control the activities of structures in the head and neck

A

Peripheral system

Q

The spinal nerves arise in the spinal cord 31 pairs radiating to either side of the body

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Q

The autonomic nerve fibers form a subsidiary system that regulates the iris of the eye and the smooth-muscle action of

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Glands
Lungs
Stomach
Colon
Bladder
Visceral organs not subject to willful control

Q

The impulses originate in the central nervous system, it performs the most basic human functions more or less automatically without conscious intervention of higher brain centers

A

Autonomic nervous system

Q

It is influenced by the emotions

A

autonomic nervous system

Q

Anger can increase the rate of heartbeat

A

autonomic nervous system

Q

Classify his/her behavior

A

Describe

Q

Finish the study of psychology

A

Good behavior

Q

Study of what’s happening in our behavior and

A

Psychology

Q

Abnormal

A

Psychiatrist of mental hospital

Q

Who will guide

A

Guidance conception-death

Q

Why do they take drugs?

Why do they kill?

A

We are responsible for ourselves

Q

Identify factor that help __ behavior

A

Predict

Q

Rely on varieties of experiment/techniques

A

Predict

Q

How? Explain?

A

Understand

Q

Identify the causes that bring about the effects

A

Understand

Q

Involves assembling the known of effects

A

Understand

Q

Own, listen to parents, trying to prevent from occurring changing conditions

A

Control

Q

Gives signal from the mouth

A

Brain

Q

Structure, skull

A

Brain

Q

2 classification of the Mind

A

Dualism

Monism

Q

Carrier/root

A

Monism

Q

Pick up things that flow throughout the function of being

A

Dualism

Q

The good actions come from

A

The brain and mind

Q

All of the fibers of the autonomic nervous system

A

Motor channels

Q

Impulses arises

A

Nerve tissues

Q

Organs their innervate from the autonomic nervous system

A

Perform more or less involuntarily and do not require stimulation its function

Q

They exit from the central nervous system as part of other peripheral nerves but branch from them to form two more subsystems

A

Autonomic nerve fibers

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

Q

The actions of which usually oppose each other

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

Q

Causes arteries to contract

A

Sympathetic nerves

Q

Cause them to dilate

A

Parasympathetic

Q

Are conducted to the organs Vy two or more neurons

A

Sympathetic neurons

Q

The cell body of the first lies within the ___ and of the second in __

A

Central nervous system

External ganglion

Q

Eighteen pairs of such ganglia interconnect by nerve fibers to form a double chain just outside the spine and running parallel to it

A

Sympathetic impulses

Q

They are also related by at least two neurons but the cell body of The second generally lies near or within the target organ

A

Parasympathetic organs

Q

It is dependent on both sensory and motor fibers, sensory simulation evoking motor responses

A

Nerve function

Q

Where especially __ are concerned, it is not always necessary for a sensory impulse to teach the brain in order to trigger motor response

A

Sensitive areas or powerful stimuli

Q

It may link directly to a motor neuron and a synapse in the spinal cord, forming a ___ that perform automatically

A

Sensory neuron

reflex arc

Q

Tapping the ten down below the kneecap causes the leg to jerk involuntarily because the impulse provoked by the tap, after traveling to the spinal cord, travels directly back to the leg muscle

A

Involuntary reflex action

Q

It includes one or more connector neurons that exert a modulating effect

A

Reflex arc

Q

Allowing carrying degrees of response according to wherever the stimulation is strong, weak or prolonged

A

Reflex arc

Q

They are often linked with other arcs by nerve fibers in the spinal cord

A

Reflex arcs

Q

A number of __ may be triggered simultaneously, as when a person shudders and jerks away from the touch of an insect

A

reflex muscle responses

Q

Links between the reflex arcs and higher centers enable the brain to identify a sensory stimulus
__ to note the reflex response such as __ and to inhibit that response, as when the arm is held steady against the prick of a hypodermic needle

A

Pain

Withdrawal

Q

They are inherited rather than learned from ___ having evolved as ___

A

Reflex patterns

Involuntary survival mechanism

Q

It initiated in the brain may become reflex actions through continued association of a particular stimulus with a certain result

A

Voluntary actions

Q

In such cases, an alteration of impulses routes occurs that portraits responses without mediation by hungered nerve centers

A

Conditioned reflexes

Q

Most famous example of conditioned reflexes

A

Ivan Pavlov performed with dogs

Sound of bells salivated at the sound of food

Q

They are dependent on conditioned reflexes

A

Habit formation and much of learning

Q

Illustrate habit formation and much of learning

A

Brain of student typist must coordinate sensory impulses from both the eyes and muscles in order to direct the fingers to particular keys.

Q

After enough repetition, the fingers automatically find and strike the proper keys even if the eyes are closed

A

Student has “learned” to types

Typing has become a conditioned reflex

Q

Bundle of myelinated tissues fibers

A

Corpus callosum

Q

“Highest center” of the part of the vrain

A

Cerebrum