SEMI Flashcards
Common causes of preterm
Smoking
Birth defects of the uterus
History of preterm delivery
signs of prematurity
Labored breathing
Low body temperature
Fine hair (Lanugo) covering much of the body.
Extreme prematurity of genitalia charac:
scrotum flat and smooth
Problems of Prematurity
Apnea
respiratory distress syndrome
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Sepsis
Hyperbilirubinemia
Sudden Death Syndrome
condition of the surfactant deficiency and physiologic immaturity of the thorax
respiratory distress syndrome
occurs when a fetus passes out meconium while in the utero due to intrauterine stress.
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
bacterial infection in the bloodstream
Sepsis
Neonates are highly susceptible to infection because of diminished:
nonspecific inflammation
specific (humoral) immunity
help assess the respiratory and metabolic state of the Infant
Blood Gas
care: with direct skin-to-Shin contact
kangaroo
any baby born after 42 weeks gestation past the first day of the mother’s last menstrual period.
POST MATURITY
symptoms of postmaturity
Dry, loose, peeling skin
More alert and “wide-eyed”
Overgrowth nails
Abundant scalp hair
SIGNS OF POST MATURITY?
reduced volume of amniotic fluid
reduced fetal movement.
The greatest risk occurs during the stresses of labor and delivery particularly is in
primigravidas patients
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT for post maturity
Nonstress testing
Antenatal fetal monitoring
Biophysical profile
used to prevent post-term pregnancy. Reduces the percentage of patients going post-term from 41% to 23%.
MEMBRANE SWEEPING
- an infant whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed
less than 2500 grams or 5 lbs. 8 oz
Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
Most Common type of SGA
Asymmetric IUGR
2/3 rd of IUGR
Malnourishment during latter part of gestation
- Malnourished SGA
LONG, THIN & MARASMIC
Head Circumference, brain unaffected.
Internal organs, liver grossly shrunken.
HC > CC by 3cm
Loose skin folds
ONLY DECREASE IN CELL SIZE, CELL NUMBER NORMAL
GROWTH POTENTIAL (+)
NUTRITIONAL REHABILITATION
- Malnourished SGA
Symmetric lUGR
1/3 rd of lUGR
Growth retardation in early pregnancy
intrauterine infection, genetic defects, chromosomal aberrations
Incidence of anomalies 10 - 20 times higher
.Hypoplastic SGA
Decrease in cell number.
All organs affected, including brain.
All parameters are proportionately small.
Poor prognosis
Permanent physical & mental retardation
HYPOPLASTIC SGA
Adverse factors during both early & mid pregnant
Neither obvious malnourished, nor grossly hypoplastic
Decrease in both cell size and count
.MIXED SGA
Causes of SGA
Maternal
Fetal
Placental
Environmental
an infant whose birth weight falls above the 90th percentil on intrauterine growth chart
birth weight of more than 4000 grams or 8lbs. and 13oz
Large Gestational Age (LGA)
Most Common cause for LGA fetus
MATERNAL DIABETES
large size due to generalised ansarca rather than due to stomatic growth
HYDROPS FETALIS
baby has:
Visceromegaly- enlarged abdominal organs
Exomphalos - abdomen not developed
Macroglossia - enlarged tongue
Characteristic groove in the ear lobe
Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome
baby has large forehead
hypertelorism - distance between two body parts is abnormally increased
micrognathia - small lower jaw
long philtrum
Marshall Smith Syndrome
large baby
macrognathia - large jaw
large hands & feet
mentally subnormal
lag in maturation of carpal bones
Sotos syndrome (cerebral gigantism)
fetus or newborn infant whose size is within the normal range for his or her gestational age
Appropriate for gestational age (AGA)
intestinal obstruction in children between the ages of 3 months and 3 years old.
Intussusception
Intussusception peak occurrence is between the ages of
5 to 9 months old
Intussusception are common in children with:
- cystic fibrosis
- intestinal lesion
- hypertrophy of intestinal lymphoid tissue secondary to viral infection
result of a physical cause such as
Congenital heart defects
Neurologic lesions
Cerebral palsy
Microcephaly
- Organic failure to thrive (OFTT)
Unrelated to diseases most often
Parental knowledge of nutrition
Deficiency in maternal care
Disturbance in maternal-child attachment
Nonorganic failure to thrive (NFTT)
unexplained by the usual organic and environmental causes
Idiopathic failure to thrive
described as cramping that is manifested by loud crying and drawing the legs up to the abdomen.
Congenital Problem:
Paroxysmal Abdominal Pain (Colic)
Colic is more common in infants under the age of
3 months old
causes of Colic
Overeating
Swallowing excessive air.
Improper feeding technique
If CMA is suspected, breast-feeding mothers should follow a
milk-free diet
Trisomy 21
Down Syndrome
Speckling of iris
Bushfield spots
Mental capacity of trisomy varies from
severe retardation to low-average intelligence.
