MIDTERM RLE Flashcards
characterized by excessive trophoblastic
proliferation and the formation of swollen, fluid-filled chorionic villi, resembling a cluster of grapes
hydatidiform mole (H-mole)
tissue that surrounds the fertilized egg and helps it attach to the uterine wall.
Trophoblastic cells
GTD
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
GTN
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
egg is fertilized by two sperm
partial molar pregnancy
egg contains no
chromosomes. The embryo gets 23 chromosomes
; sperm fertilizes an empty egg
complete molar pregnancy
There is an abnormal placenta and no fetus
Complete molar pregnancy
There is an abnormal placenta and some fetal development.
Partial molar pregnancy
Karyotype of complete molar
46XX (most common), 46XY.
Karyotype of partial molar
69XXX, 69XXY, 69XYY
hCG Levels of complete mole
Very high (>100,000
mIU/mL).
Malignancy
Risk of compplete
Higher (15–20% risk of
GTN).
RF of molar pregnancy
(<20 or >35 years old)
Nutritional deficiencies, particularly folate and beta-carotene.
first three months of molar pregnancy vaginal bleeding color
often dark brown (“prune juice-like”) or bright red
Complete Mole: Ultrasound Findings
“Snowstorm” or “Cluster of Grapes”
Absence of fetal pole, amniotic sac, or cardiac activity.
mIU
milli-international units per milliliter
Ultrasound Findings
Partial Mole:
Thickened placenta with cystic spaces.
Fetal parts may be present but often malformed.
no viable fetal heartbeat
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
CT scan
computed tomography scan
safest and most
effective treatment.
Suction curettage (dilation and curettage)
considered for older women or those who do not desire future pregnancy
Hysterectomy
Serial beta-hCG monitoring is required how often
weekly
Monthly monitoring is is continued for how many months
6 to 12 months
Patients are advised to avoid pregnancy for at least
6 to 12 months.
used for persistent GTN.
Methotrexate or Actinomycin-D
highly malignant form of GTN with potential for metastasis to organs
Choriocarcinoma
